Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MICROBIOLOGY LECTURE > THE EVOLUTION OF MICROORGANISMS PART 1 > Flashcards

THE EVOLUTION OF MICROORGANISMS PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

study of microorganisms

A

MICROBIOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Organisms and acellular entities too small to be clearly seen by the unaided eye

A

MICROORGANISMS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Most populous and diverse group of organisms

A

UBIQUITOUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Found everywhere on the planet

A

UBIQUITOUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Total number of cells in the water below 200m

A

650

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Part of the ocean where it has the lowest number of cells

A

Sediment (170)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What ecosystem type that has the highest number of cells?

A

Desert scrub

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What ecosystem type that has the lowest number of cells?

A

Temperate evergreen forest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

POSITIVE IMPACTS OF MICROORGANISMS

A
  1. Recycling essential elements (Nitrogen-fixing bacteria)
  2. Source of nutrients and some carry out photosynthesis
  3. Benefit the society by their antibiotics, food, beverages, and vitamins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF MICROORGANISMS

A
  1. Cause diseases in plants and animals
  2. Cause food spoilage
  3. Poisoning and intoxication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the difference between the leading diseases in 1900 and in 21st century?

A

In 1900, influenza and pneumonia are the leading diseases.
As of today, heart disease is the leading disease, while virus-causing diseases was the 4th.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CONFIRMED CASES OF COVID-19

A

772 838 745

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CONFIRMED DEATHS CAUSED BY COVID-19

A

6 988 679

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Understanding the living world of microscopic organism

A
  1. Microbial Cells
  2. Diversity
  3. Evolution of microbial cells
  4. Microbial activities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

Archaea

A

CELLULAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

Algae

A

CELLULAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

Protozoa

A

CELLULAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

Yeasts and Molds

A

CELLULAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

Staphyloccocus aureus

A

CELLULAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

VIRUS

A

ACELLULAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

VIROIDS

A

ACELLULAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

SATELLITES

A

ACELLULAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

PRIONS

A

ACELLULAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS

Protozoa

A

Protista

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
# IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS Yeasts and molds
Fungi
26
# IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS Algae
Protista
27
# IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS Slime molds
Protista
28
# IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS E. coli
Bacteria
29
# IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS Methanogens
Archaea
30
# IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS Thermophiles
Archaea
31
# IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS Halophiles
Archaea
32
# IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS Salmonella
Bacteria
33
It is often composed RNA
SATELLITES
34
composed of infected proteins
PRIONS
35
Composed of protein and nucleic acid
Viruses
36
composed of RNA
Viroids
37
Explain why is it not absolute that prokaryotic cells lack a true membrane delimited nucleus?
* It is because in prokaryotic cells, there is a nucleoid where the DNA is located, concentrated and condensed. * Prokaryotes like cyanobacteria has carboxysome, which resembles the nuclear membrane compartments, segregating enzymes and substrates. * Symbiotic relationships between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
38
have membrane-enclosed nucleus and are complex morphologically
EUKARYOTIC CELLS
39
Five kingdom system was proposed by
Robert Whittaker
40
Five Kingdom System
MProFAP Monera Protista Fungi Animalia Plantae
41
discovered 2 different groups of prokaryotic organisms
Carl Woese
42
based on the comparison of ribosomal RNA genes
Three domain system: Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
43
# IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA single-celled
Domain Bacteria
44
# IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA majority have cell wall with peptidoglycan
Domain Bacteria
45
# IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA lack a membrane-bound nucleus
DOMAIN BACTERIA
46
# IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA Ubiquitous and some live in extreme environments
DOMAIN BACTERIA
47
# IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA CYANOBACTERIA PRODUCE SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OF OXYGEN
DOMAIN BACTERIA
48
# IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA Some can cause diseases
DOMAIN BACTERIA
49
# IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA Unique rRNA gene sequences
DOMAIN ARCHAEA
50
# IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA Lack peptidoglycan in cell walls
DOMAIN ARCHAEA
51
# IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA Have unique membrane lipids
DOMAIN ARCHAEA
52
# IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA Some have unusual metabolic characteristics
DOMAIN ARCHAEA
53
# IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA No disease causation in human
DOMAIN ARCHAEA
54
Generally unicellular but larger than bacteria and eukarya
Protists
55
photosynthetic eukarya
algae
56
motile; hunters and grazers
protozoa
57
two life cycle stages
slime molds
58
devastating disease in plants; not a cohesive taxonomic unit
water molds
59
yeast and molds
FUNGI
60
smallest of all microbes
VIRUSES
61
Requires host to replicate
VIRUSES
62
Cause range of diseases, some cancers
VIRUSES
63
infectious agents composed of RNA
VIROIDS AND VIRUSOIDS
64
Composed of nucleic acid enclosed in protein shell
SATELLITES
65
Coinfect a host cell with a helper virus to complete their life cycle
SATELLITES
66
Infectious proteins
PRIONS
67
DEFINE LIFE
1. **C**ELLS AND ORGANIZATION 2. **R**ESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES 3. **G**ROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT 4. **B**IOLOGICAL EVOLUTION 5. **E**NERGY USE AND METABOLISM 6. **R**EGULATION AND HOMEOSTASIS 7. **R**EPRODUCTION
68
first evidence of primitive cellular life was the 1977 discovery of microbial fossils in the ------- or granular silica
Swartkoppie chert
69
early energy sources under harsh conditions
inorganics, e.g. FeS
70
the evidence of photosynthesis 2.5 bya
cyanobacteria
71
mineralized layers of microorganisms
stromatolites
72
based on the comparisons of the small subunit rRNA
UNIVERSAL PHYLOGENETIC TREE
73
Origin of cellular life
4 bya
74
emerges between 3 and 4 bya
Anoygenic phototrophic bacteria
75
origin of cyanobacteria
late 2 bya
76
When the Earth started to become oxygenated, what organisms emerge?
cyanobacteria modern eukaryotes algal diversity shelly invertibrates vascular plants mammals humans
77
Exchange of genetic material
sex pili
78
How does the genetic pool increases?
because of mutation
79
Classification according to group called
taxa
80
Taxonomic levels:
KINGDOM DOMAIN PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES
81
group of interbreeding natural populations reproductively isolated from other groups
Species
82
collection of strains
bacteria and archaea
83
descendants of single, pure microbial culture | biovars, morphovars, serovars, pathovars
strain
84
identification of pathogens based on antigen and antibodies
serovars
85
variation in the morphological characteristics of bacteria
morphovars
86
variation of the pathogens to cause diseases
pathovars
87
strains of a bacterial species that are distinguished by their biochemical characteristics
biovars

MICROBIOLOGY LECTURE (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions