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MICROBIOLOGY LECTURE > THE EVOLUTION OF MICROORGANISMS PART 1 > Flashcards

THE EVOLUTION OF MICROORGANISMS PART 1 Flashcards

1
Q

study of microorganisms

A

MICROBIOLOGY

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2
Q

Organisms and acellular entities too small to be clearly seen by the unaided eye

A

MICROORGANISMS

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3
Q

Most populous and diverse group of organisms

A

UBIQUITOUS

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4
Q

Found everywhere on the planet

A

UBIQUITOUS

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5
Q

Total number of cells in the water below 200m

A

650

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6
Q

Part of the ocean where it has the lowest number of cells

A

Sediment (170)

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7
Q

What ecosystem type that has the highest number of cells?

A

Desert scrub

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8
Q

What ecosystem type that has the lowest number of cells?

A

Temperate evergreen forest

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9
Q

POSITIVE IMPACTS OF MICROORGANISMS

A
  1. Recycling essential elements (Nitrogen-fixing bacteria)
  2. Source of nutrients and some carry out photosynthesis
  3. Benefit the society by their antibiotics, food, beverages, and vitamins
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10
Q

NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF MICROORGANISMS

A
  1. Cause diseases in plants and animals
  2. Cause food spoilage
  3. Poisoning and intoxication
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11
Q

What is the difference between the leading diseases in 1900 and in 21st century?

A

In 1900, influenza and pneumonia are the leading diseases.
As of today, heart disease is the leading disease, while virus-causing diseases was the 4th.

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12
Q

CONFIRMED CASES OF COVID-19

A

772 838 745

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13
Q

CONFIRMED DEATHS CAUSED BY COVID-19

A

6 988 679

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14
Q

Understanding the living world of microscopic organism

A
  1. Microbial Cells
  2. Diversity
  3. Evolution of microbial cells
  4. Microbial activities
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15
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

Archaea

A

CELLULAR

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16
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

Algae

A

CELLULAR

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17
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

Protozoa

A

CELLULAR

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18
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

Yeasts and Molds

A

CELLULAR

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19
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

Staphyloccocus aureus

A

CELLULAR

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20
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

VIRUS

A

ACELLULAR

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21
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

VIROIDS

A

ACELLULAR

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22
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

SATELLITES

A

ACELLULAR

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23
Q

IDENTIFY IF CELLULAR OR ACELLULAR

PRIONS

A

ACELLULAR

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24
Q

IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS

Protozoa

A

Protista

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25
Q

IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS

Yeasts and molds

A

Fungi

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26
Q

IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS

Algae

A

Protista

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27
Q

IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS

Slime molds

A

Protista

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28
Q

IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS

E. coli

A

Bacteria

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29
Q

IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS

Methanogens

A

Archaea

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30
Q

IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS

Thermophiles

A

Archaea

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31
Q

IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS

Halophiles

A

Archaea

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32
Q

IDENTIFY THE THE TYPE OF CELLULAR MICROORGANISMS

Salmonella

A

Bacteria

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33
Q

It is often composed RNA

A

SATELLITES

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34
Q

composed of infected proteins

A

PRIONS

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35
Q

Composed of protein and nucleic acid

A

Viruses

36
Q

composed of RNA

A

Viroids

37
Q

Explain why is it not absolute that prokaryotic cells lack a true membrane delimited nucleus?

A
  • It is because in prokaryotic cells, there is a nucleoid where the DNA is located, concentrated and condensed.
  • Prokaryotes like cyanobacteria has carboxysome, which resembles the nuclear membrane compartments, segregating enzymes and substrates.
  • Symbiotic relationships between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
38
Q

have membrane-enclosed nucleus and are complex morphologically

A

EUKARYOTIC CELLS

39
Q

Five kingdom system was proposed by

A

Robert Whittaker

40
Q

Five Kingdom System

A

MProFAP

Monera
Protista
Fungi
Animalia
Plantae

41
Q

discovered 2 different groups of prokaryotic organisms

A

Carl Woese

42
Q

based on the comparison of ribosomal RNA genes

A

Three domain system:
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya

43
Q

IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA

single-celled

A

Domain Bacteria

44
Q

IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA

majority have cell wall with peptidoglycan

A

Domain Bacteria

45
Q

IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA

lack a membrane-bound nucleus

A

DOMAIN BACTERIA

46
Q

IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA

Ubiquitous and some live in extreme environments

A

DOMAIN BACTERIA

47
Q

IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA

CYANOBACTERIA PRODUCE SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OF OXYGEN

A

DOMAIN BACTERIA

48
Q

IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA

Some can cause diseases

A

DOMAIN BACTERIA

49
Q

IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA

Unique rRNA gene sequences

A

DOMAIN ARCHAEA

50
Q

IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA

Lack peptidoglycan in cell walls

A

DOMAIN ARCHAEA

51
Q

IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA

Have unique membrane lipids

A

DOMAIN ARCHAEA

52
Q

IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA

Some have unusual metabolic characteristics

A

DOMAIN ARCHAEA

53
Q

IDENTIFY IF BACTERIA, EUKARYA OR ARCHAEA

No disease causation in human

A

DOMAIN ARCHAEA

54
Q

Generally unicellular but larger than bacteria and eukarya

A

Protists

55
Q

photosynthetic eukarya

A

algae

56
Q

motile; hunters and grazers

A

protozoa

57
Q

two life cycle stages

A

slime molds

58
Q

devastating disease in plants; not a cohesive taxonomic unit

A

water molds

59
Q

yeast and molds

A

FUNGI

60
Q

smallest of all microbes

A

VIRUSES

61
Q

Requires host to replicate

A

VIRUSES

62
Q

Cause range of diseases, some cancers

A

VIRUSES

63
Q

infectious agents composed of RNA

A

VIROIDS AND VIRUSOIDS

64
Q

Composed of nucleic acid enclosed in protein shell

A

SATELLITES

65
Q

Coinfect a host cell with a helper virus to complete their life cycle

A

SATELLITES

66
Q

Infectious proteins

A

PRIONS

67
Q

DEFINE LIFE

A
  1. CELLS AND ORGANIZATION
  2. RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
  3. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
  4. BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION
  5. ENERGY USE AND METABOLISM
  6. REGULATION AND HOMEOSTASIS
  7. REPRODUCTION
68
Q

first evidence of primitive cellular life was the 1977 discovery of microbial fossils in the ——- or granular silica

A

Swartkoppie chert

69
Q

early energy sources under harsh conditions

A

inorganics, e.g. FeS

70
Q

the evidence of photosynthesis 2.5 bya

A

cyanobacteria

71
Q

mineralized layers of microorganisms

A

stromatolites

72
Q

based on the comparisons of the small subunit rRNA

A

UNIVERSAL PHYLOGENETIC TREE

73
Q

Origin of cellular life

A

4 bya

74
Q

emerges between 3 and 4 bya

A

Anoygenic phototrophic bacteria

75
Q

origin of cyanobacteria

A

late 2 bya

76
Q

When the Earth started to become oxygenated, what organisms emerge?

A

cyanobacteria
modern eukaryotes
algal diversity
shelly invertibrates
vascular plants
mammals
humans

77
Q

Exchange of genetic material

A

sex pili

78
Q

How does the genetic pool increases?

A

because of mutation

79
Q

Classification according to group called

A

taxa

80
Q

Taxonomic levels:

A

KINGDOM
DOMAIN
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES

81
Q

group of interbreeding natural populations reproductively isolated from other groups

A

Species

82
Q

collection of strains

A

bacteria and archaea

83
Q

descendants of single, pure microbial culture

biovars, morphovars, serovars, pathovars

A

strain

84
Q

identification of pathogens based on antigen and antibodies

A

serovars

85
Q

variation in the morphological characteristics of bacteria

A

morphovars

86
Q

variation of the pathogens to cause diseases

A

pathovars

87
Q

strains of a bacterial species that are distinguished by their biochemical characteristics

A

biovars

MICROBIOLOGY LECTURE (2 decks)

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