MICROBIAL EVOLUTION PT. 2 Flashcards
common ancestral cell
LAST UNIVERSAL COMMON ANCESTOR
led to the evolution of three major lineages of microbial cells
LUCA
THEY HAVE DIVERGED FROM COMMON ANCESTRY
ARCHAEA AND EUKARYA
protists that have fermentative metabolisms
ANAEROBIC ENDOSYMBIONTS (HYDROGENOSOMES)
states that mitochondria and chlopoplasts in today’s eukaryotic cells were once separate prokaryotic microbes
ENDOSYMBIOTIC HYPOTHESIS
Intracellular bacteria —> aerobic respiration
Mitochondrion
photosynthetic cyanobacterium
chloroplast
how does the bacteria and archaea increase their genetic pool
horizontal gene transfer
HISTORICAL ROOTS OF MICROBIOLOGY
Illustrated the fruiting structures of molds; 1st one to describe microorganisms
ROBERT HOOKE
first to observe and describe bacteria (wee animacules) accurately
ANTONY VAN LEEUWENHOEK
Discovered bacterial endospores - extremely heat-resistant form of bacteria
FERDINAND COHN
Introduced the use of cottons for closing flasks and tubes
FERDINAND COHN
Idea that living organisms can develop from nonliving or decomposing matter
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
he discredited spontaneous generation, and showed that maggots on decaying meat came from fly eggs
FRANCISCO REDI
He supported the spontaneous generation.
He used the mutton broth and heat it. Placed it on the flask and sealed it. As a result, the broth become cloudy and contained microorganisms.
JOHN NEEDHAM
He suggested that organic matter in the extract contained a “vital force” that confers the properties of life on nonliving matter.
JOHN NEEDHAM
He supported the spontaneous generation. Broth in the flasks. Sealed. Boiled. As a result, no growth of microorganisms.
LAZZARO SPALLANZANI
Proposed that air carried gems to the culture medium and external air is required for growth of animals already in the medium
LAZZARO SPALLANZANI
demonstrated that dust carries microorganisms;
JOHN TYNDALL
showed that if dust was absent, nutrient broths remained sterile, even if directly exposed to air
JOHN TYNDALL
Provided evidence for the existence of heat-resistant forms of bacteria
JOHN TYNDALL
Heat-resistant bacteria could produce endospores
FERDINAND COHN
Disproved spontaneous generation
LOUIS PASTEUR
Swan-neck flask experiments, wherein he placed the nutrient solution in flasks that has long, curved necks, boiled it and let it be exposed to the air. As a result, no growth of microorganisms.
LOUIS PASTEUR
Diseases were believed to be due to supernatural forces or 4 bodily fluid humors —
blood, phlegm, yellow bile, black bile
showed that a disease of silkworms was caused by a fungus
AGOSTINI BASSI
demonstrated that the great Potato Blight of Ireland was caused by a water mold
M.J. Berkeley