The evolution of an idea

Question 1

Microevolution

Answer 1

Changes in gene (allele) frequencies and phenotype traits within a population and species.

Happens over a shorter period of time (years).

Question 2

Macroevolution

Answer 2

Large-scale evolutionary changes including the formation of new species & taxa.

Happens over a much longer period of time (centuries, millenia).

Question 3

Aristotle’s idea

Answer 3

people believed that Earth and all living things had been created in their present forms and were ___immutable____________

Explanations for all natural phenomena were based on ___religous beliefs and philosophy.____________________

By the eighteenth century, scientists were beginning to gather scientific evidence supporting the theory __had changed over time.

Question 4

Seeds of an idea: Count georges-Lousis leclerc de buffon

Answer 4

buffon_________________________ (1707–1788), puzzled by ____anatomical_______ features that seemed to serve no purpose, believed the species had been created ___in a more perfect form but had changed over time.

Question 5

Seeds of an idea: carl linnaeus and erasmus dawrin

Answer 5

(1707–1778) and ____carl linnaeus and erasmus darwin____________ (1731–1802), also proposed that life changed over time

Question 6

Adaption and Heredity (Lamarck)

Answer 6

chevalier de lamarck (1744–1829), was the first scientist to offer a possible mechanism for the evolution of species and proposed that:

1. _____structures an individual’s used became larger and stronger, while structures that were not used became smaller and weaker.s and proposed that:
2. _____structures an individual’s used became larger and stronger, while structures that were not used became smaller and weaker.

Question 7

Adaption and heredity (Lamarck’s theory being flawed)

Answer 7

all species ___evolve over time______________

a species evolves in
___response to its environment ___________________________ and becomes better adapted to that environment

changes are ___passed on from generation to generation_____________________________________

Question 8

Fossil defintion

Answer 8

any ancient ___remains, impression__________________________________ or traces of its activity that have been preserved in rocks or other mineral deposits in Earth’s crust

Question 9

Fossil formation process 1

Answer 9

After an organism dies, the body usually decomposes but if it is quickly buried by sediments, the resulting lack of oxygen can __prevent decomposition.

Question 10

Fossil formation process 2

Answer 10

Over time the chemical action and the __pressure of the sediments_________________________ change the organism into a mineralized form

Question 11

Fossil formation process 3

Answer 11

Erosion or excavation of sedimentary rock exposes __fossil remains

Question 12

Paleontology

Answer 12

the scientific investigation of prehistoric life through the study of fossils

Fossils provide compelling evidence that species living in the past were different from those living in the present

Question 13

Fossil evolution

Answer 13

Fossils show that organisms become _increasingly complex over time

Question 14

Georges Cuvier (1769–1832) theory: Catastrophism

Answer 14

species did not change but were eliminated by catastrophic events, only to be replaced by newly created forms

Question 15

Charles Lyell (1797–1875) theory uniformtarianism:

Answer 15

Earth’s geologic features can be explained by very slow changes occurring over very long periods of time