The Enlightenment Flashcards
1
Q
Thomas Hobbes: (7)
A
- Wrote Leviathan
- Pessimistic view of people
- people were naturally cruel
- without laws to control people, life would be ‘nasty, brutish and short’
- Influenced by English Civil war
- was proponent of absolute rule
2
Q
Hobbes and the social contract:
A
people enter into a contract with a strong government
people give up some of their natural rights in order to ensure an orderly society.
DIDNT WRITE SOCIAL CONTRACT
3
Q
John Locke (5)
A
- Opposed Hobbes
- Strong influence on founding fathers
- argued against the belief that human beings are born with certain ideas in their minds.
- Tabula Rasa: clean slate
- Governments depend on the consent of the governed.
- LIFE LIBERTY AND THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS
4
Q
Montesquieu: (3)
A
- emphasized separation of powers in his book The Spirit of Laws.
- Thought protected against tyranny
- checks and balances.
5
Q
Philosophes:
A
18th century France stressed use of human reason Five concepts: 1.Reason 2. Nature 3. Happiness 4. Progress 5. Liberty
6
Q
Voltaire:
A
- French
- Satire of clergy, aristocracy, and governments.
- continues to speak for religious tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech while in jail.
- I do not agree with a word you say, but i will defend to the death your right to say it.
7
Q
Rousseau:
A
- Believed that in a state of nature people are good, but they are corrupted by social institutions.
- Wrote social contract
- General Will- the good of the whole community over the individual.
- Despised all forms of political and economic oppression.
8
Q
Mary Wollstonecraft:
A
- Argued that women were excluded from the social contract.
- stressed equal education for boys and girls.
- Daughter wrote frankenstein.
9
Q
Laissez Faire:
A
- focused on economic reforms.
- “hands off”
- businesses should be able to operate with little governmental interference.
10
Q
Beccaria:
A
- Italian philosophe turned thoughts into justice system.
- laws existed to preserve social order, not avenge crimes.
- No torture
- Standard punishment
11
Q
Who wrote the Leviathan?
A
Thomas Hobbes
12
Q
Who had a pessimistic view of people?
A
Thomas hobbes
13
Q
Who argued against the belief that human beings are born with ideas in their minds?
A
John Locke
14
Q
Who was associated with Tabula Rasa?
A
John Locke
15
Q
Who emphasized checks and balances?
A
Montesquieu
