The endoscope and the GI tract Flashcards
What are the uses of an endoscope?
Diagnosis
Therapeutics - emergency, elective
Screening
Surveillance - prevention and detection of cancer, detect polyps and remove
What diseases might you see with the use of an endoscope?
Oesophagitis Gastritis Ulceration Coeliac disease Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Sclerosing cholangitis
Tumours too
what can you also use an endoscope to do?
Remove tissue in a minimally invasive way Stop GI bleeding Removal of foreign bodies (stones etc) Insertion of nutrition Insertion of a stent or balloon
What is the difference between haematemsis and malaena?
Hematemesis is the vomiting of blood, which may be obviously red or have an appearance similar to coffee grounds. Melena is the passage of black, tarry stools.
Describe briefly variceal bleeding?
Life threatening medical emergency
ABC resuscitate
Banding
Glue
What might you do in arterial bleeding?
Infection therapy (adrenaline, tamponade, vasoconstriction)
Heater probe
Clips (ligate)
How might you remove a polyp?
Polypectomy
Raise polyp on a bed of adrenaline/saline
Snare
Hot biopsy
Usually for colonic polyps.
What are some indications for upper GI endoscopy?
Haematemesis New dyspepsia (if older than 55) Gastric biopsy Duodenal biopsy Persistent vomiting Iron deficiency
What are some indications for a colonoscopy?
Rectal bleeding Iron deficiency anaemia Persistent diarrhoea Assessment or suspicion of IBD Colon cancer surveillance
What is the advantage of a endoscopy over barium enima for example?
If you see something you have the ability to also remove it at the same time
What might the preparation of an endoscopy include?
Indication ( clear , justified) Explanation to patient Consent Fasting Bowel preparation Monitor bleeding diathesis Infection prophylaxis (endocarditis, shunt, immunosuppression)
What might some complications of an endoscopy be?
Resp arrest Aspiration Cardiac arrest Bleeding Perforation Infection
