The Endocrine system (EXTRA!) Flashcards
Destruction of beta cells in the pancreas creates the disorder…
Type 1 Diabetes (Diabetes Mellitus)
causes tissues to take up blood glucose
Insulin
stimulates muscle and bone growth
hGH
increases blood sugar
Glucagon
stimulates sodium reabsorption
Aldosterone
Stress hormone released due to autonomic nervous stimulation
Epinephrine/Adrenaline
breaks down amino acids into glucose to raise blood glucose levels
Cortisol
Increases body metabolism
Thyroxin
Stimulates adrenal gland to release long-term stress hormone
ACTH
Which structure is a gland that helps control blood glucose levels?
Pancreas
Which structure is not a gland, but instead stores excess glucose in the form of glycogen?
Liver
Which structure is controlled by both target hormones and the autonomic nervous system?
Adrenal Gland
Which structure is the target organ for aldosterone?
Kidney
BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
stimulus -> high blood sugar -> ________ (organ), releases _______ (hormone) -> cells become more permeable to glucose -> decrease in blood sugar levels
Pancreas, Insulin
BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS
stimulus -> low blood sugar -> ________ (organ), specifically the _____ cells (located in the islets of Langerhans) -> stimulate liver to convert ________ to glucose -> increase in blood sugar levels
Pancreas, Alpha, Glycogen
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body attacks the ____ cells if the pancreas.
beta
Type 2 diabetes often occurs later in life and is caused by cell receptors becoming less responsive to _______ (hormone)
Insulin
Hyposecretion of ADH leads to what condition?
Diabetes Insipidus
Increases blood sugar
Glucagon
Stimulates sodium reabsorption
Aldosterone
Stress hormone released die to autonomic nervous stimulation
Epinephrine/Adrenaline
breaks down amino acids into glucose to raise blood glucose levels
Cortisol
increases body metabolism
Thyroxin
Hormones released from Hypothalamus
Releasing factors
Causes calcium to move from blood into the bones
Calcitonin
Leads to an increase in water reabsorption
ADH
acts on the thyroid gland
TSH
releases glucagon
Alpha cells
Which structure plays a key role in water reabsorption?
Kidney
Which structure releases hormones related to the long term stress response?
Adrenal Gland
which structure releases hormone to regulate blood sugar levels?
Pancreas
which structure is impacted if iodine levels are too low?
Thyroid
BLOOD CALCIUM LEVELS
Stimulus -> increased levels of calcium in blood -> _______ (gland) -> calcitonin (hormone) -> calcium moves from blood into _____
Thyroid, bones
BLOOD CALCIUM LEVELS
Stimulus -> ________ levels of calcium in blood -> ___________ (gland) -> ___ (hormone) -> calcium moves into _____ -> increasing blood calcium levels
decreased, parathyroid, PTH, blood pressure
produces hormone thyroxine, which helps regulate metabolism and growth
Thyroid
stores glycogen. responds to insulin (converts glucose to glycogen) and glucagon (glycogen to glucose)
Liver
secretes insulin (beta cells) and glucagon (alpha cells)
Pancreas
composed of two layers - outer cortex (cortisol and aldosterone) and inner medulla (epinephrine/nopinephrine)
Adrenal Gland
filters water from the blood (related to ADH and aldosterone)
Kidney
