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NUCL 156 Drug Nomenclature > The Endocrine System > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

analogue

A

something similar to something else (in design, origin, use) but differs slightly in composition

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2
Q

anaphylaxis

A

severe allergic reaction

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3
Q

autoimmune

A

disease in which the body produces antibodies that attack itself

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4
Q

basal

A

forming or belonging to a bottom layer or base; relating to maintaining the fundamental vital activities of an organism

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5
Q

bolus

A

a large dose of a substance given by injection to rapidly achieve concentration in the bloodstream

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6
Q

capillary

A

smallest blood vessel of the body; connects the veins and arteries

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7
Q

dextrose

A

glucose (sugar)

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8
Q

endocrine

A

relating to glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

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9
Q

exocrine

A

relating to glands that secrete their products through ducts opening onto an epithelium

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10
Q

gangrene

A

the death of tissue due to loss of blood supply; may lead to bacterial infection

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11
Q

gastroparesis

A

nerve damage that affects the stomach and intestines

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12
Q

gestational

A

the period of time when something is conceived and developed

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13
Q

glucagon

A

hormone produced by the pancreas that causes the increase in the blood glucose level

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14
Q

glycemia

A

level of glucose in the body

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15
Q

glycosuria

A

high levels of glucose in the urine

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16
Q

goitre

A

swelling of the neck resulting from enlargement of the thyroid gland

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17
Q

hemodialysis

A

method of removing wastes from the blood for patients with kidney failure

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18
Q

immunosuppresive

A

suppressing or reducing the strength of the body’s immune system

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19
Q

insulin

A

hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood

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20
Q

ketoacidosis

A

occurs when the body cannot use glucose as a fuel source; fat is used for fuel instead

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21
Q

neuropathy

A

nerve damage with pain and numbness, caused by diabetes

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22
Q

retinopathy

A

disease where the capillaries in the back of the eye are damaged, causing loss of vision

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23
Q

subcutaneous

A

under the skin; an injection into the sc layer of skin

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24
Q

pancreas

A

organ that releases hormones into the digestive system

25
Q

Islets of Langerhans

A

small clusters of cells scattered throughout the pancreas

26
Q

Alpha cells

A

produce glucagon

27
Q

Beta cells

A

produce insulin

28
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

chronic disorder of glucose metabolism due to either the pancreas producing insufficient insulin, or the body not properly using the insulin produced

29
Q

What two hormones does the thyroid gland produce:

A

i. thyroxine (T4)

ii. triiodothyronine (T3)

30
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone so all metabolic processes speed up

31
Q

hypothyroidism

A

thyroid gland fails to produce sufficient thyroid hormones and the metabolic processes slow down

32
Q

Insulins

A

replace the body’s natural insulin

33
Q

List the 5 types of insulins:

A

i. Rapid-acting
ii. Short-acting
iii. Intermediate-acting
iv. Long-acting
v. Pre-mixed

34
Q

Humalog

A

insulin lispro

35
Q

NovoRapid

A

insulin aspart

36
Q

Humulin R

Novolin ge Toronto

A

insulin regular

37
Q

Humulin N

Novolin ge NPH

A

insulin NPH

38
Q

Lantus

A

insulin glargine

39
Q

Levemir

A

insulin detemir

40
Q

Humulin 30/70

A

insulin regular/insulin NPH

41
Q

Humalog Mix 75/25

A

insulin lispro 25%/lispro protamine 75%

42
Q

NovoMix 30

A

insulin aspart/aspart protamine

43
Q

Oral Diabetic Agents

A

help control blood glucose levels in people who produce some insulin

44
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

stimulate insulin secretion

45
Q

Diabeta

A

glyburide

46
Q

Diamicron

A

glicazide

47
Q

Biguanides

A

decrease insulin resistance

48
Q

Glucophage

A

metformin

49
Q

Thyroid Hormones

A

replace the body’s natural thyroid hormone

50
Q

Synthroid, Eltroxin

A

levothyroxine

51
Q

Glucocorticoids (GCs)

A

treat severe allergic reactions and inflammatory conditions (reduce inflammation)

52
Q

Decadron

A

dexamethasone

53
Q

Solu-Cortef

A

hydrocortisone

54
Q

Type I Diabetes

A

immune system mistakenly attacks and kills the beta cells of the pancreas

55
Q

Type II Diabetes

A

the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to meet the body’s needs and/or the body is unable to respond properly to the insulin

56
Q

Gestational Diabetes

A

temporary condition that occurs during pregnancy

57
Q

Blood Glucose Testing

A

diabetic patients closely monitor their blood glucose levels using a glucometer

58
Q

List two examples of blood glucose tests performed by the Lab:

A

i. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)

ii. Random Blood Sugar (RBS)

59
Q

Insulin Pump

A

provides continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)

NUCL 156 Drug Nomenclature (6 decks)

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