The Endocrine System

Question 1

analogue

Answer 1

something similar to something else (in design, origin, use) but differs slightly in composition

Question 2

anaphylaxis

Answer 2

severe allergic reaction

Question 3

autoimmune

Answer 3

disease in which the body produces antibodies that attack itself

Question 4

basal

Answer 4

forming or belonging to a bottom layer or base; relating to maintaining the fundamental vital activities of an organism

Question 5

bolus

Answer 5

a large dose of a substance given by injection to rapidly achieve concentration in the bloodstream

Question 6

capillary

Answer 6

smallest blood vessel of the body; connects the veins and arteries

Question 7

dextrose

Answer 7

glucose (sugar)

Question 8

endocrine

Answer 8

relating to glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Question 9

exocrine

Answer 9

relating to glands that secrete their products through ducts opening onto an epithelium

Question 10

gangrene

Answer 10

the death of tissue due to loss of blood supply; may lead to bacterial infection

Question 11

gastroparesis

Answer 11

nerve damage that affects the stomach and intestines

Question 12

gestational

Answer 12

the period of time when something is conceived and developed

Question 13

glucagon

Answer 13

hormone produced by the pancreas that causes the increase in the blood glucose level

Question 14

glycemia

Answer 14

level of glucose in the body

Question 15

glycosuria

Answer 15

high levels of glucose in the urine

Question 16

goitre

Answer 16

swelling of the neck resulting from enlargement of the thyroid gland

Question 17

hemodialysis

Answer 17

method of removing wastes from the blood for patients with kidney failure

Question 18

immunosuppresive

Answer 18

suppressing or reducing the strength of the body’s immune system

Question 19

insulin

Answer 19

hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood

Question 20

ketoacidosis

Answer 20

occurs when the body cannot use glucose as a fuel source; fat is used for fuel instead

Question 21

neuropathy

Answer 21

nerve damage with pain and numbness, caused by diabetes

Question 22

retinopathy

Answer 22

disease where the capillaries in the back of the eye are damaged, causing loss of vision

Question 23

subcutaneous

Answer 23

under the skin; an injection into the sc layer of skin

Question 24

pancreas

Answer 24

organ that releases hormones into the digestive system

Question 25

Islets of Langerhans

Answer 25

small clusters of cells scattered throughout the pancreas

Question 26

Alpha cells

Answer 26

produce glucagon

Question 27

Beta cells

Answer 27

produce insulin

Question 28

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 28

chronic disorder of glucose metabolism due to either the pancreas producing insufficient insulin, or the body not properly using the insulin produced

Question 29

What two hormones does the thyroid gland produce:

Answer 29

i. thyroxine (T4) | ii. triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 30

hyperthyroidism

Answer 30

thyroid produces too much thyroid hormone so all metabolic processes speed up

Question 31

hypothyroidism

Answer 31

thyroid gland fails to produce sufficient thyroid hormones and the metabolic processes slow down

Question 32

Insulins

Answer 32

replace the body's natural insulin

Question 33

List the 5 types of insulins:

Answer 33

i. Rapid-acting ii. Short-acting iii. Intermediate-acting iv. Long-acting v. Pre-mixed

Question 34

Humalog

Answer 34

insulin lispro

Question 35

NovoRapid

Answer 35

insulin aspart

Question 36

Humulin R | Novolin ge Toronto

Answer 36

insulin regular

Question 37

Humulin N | Novolin ge NPH

Answer 37

insulin NPH

Question 38

Lantus

Answer 38

insulin glargine

Question 39

Levemir

Answer 39

insulin detemir

Question 40

Humulin 30/70

Answer 40

insulin regular/insulin NPH

Question 41

Humalog Mix 75/25

Answer 41

insulin lispro 25%/lispro protamine 75%

Question 42

NovoMix 30

Answer 42

insulin aspart/aspart protamine

Question 43

Oral Diabetic Agents

Answer 43

help control blood glucose levels in people who produce some insulin

Question 44

Sulfonylureas

Answer 44

stimulate insulin secretion

Question 45

Diabeta

Answer 45

glyburide

Question 46

Diamicron

Answer 46

glicazide

Question 47

Biguanides

Answer 47

decrease insulin resistance

Question 48

Glucophage

Answer 48

metformin

Question 49

Thyroid Hormones

Answer 49

replace the body's natural thyroid hormone

Question 50

Synthroid, Eltroxin

Answer 50

levothyroxine

Question 51

Glucocorticoids (GCs)

Answer 51

treat severe allergic reactions and inflammatory conditions (reduce inflammation)

Question 52

Decadron

Answer 52

dexamethasone

Question 53

Solu-Cortef

Answer 53

hydrocortisone

Question 54

Type I Diabetes

Answer 54

immune system mistakenly attacks and kills the beta cells of the pancreas

Question 55

Type II Diabetes

Answer 55

the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to meet the body's needs and/or the body is unable to respond properly to the insulin

Question 56

Gestational Diabetes

Answer 56

temporary condition that occurs during pregnancy

Question 57

Blood Glucose Testing

Answer 57

diabetic patients closely monitor their blood glucose levels using a glucometer

Question 58

List two examples of blood glucose tests performed by the Lab:

Answer 58

i. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) | ii. Random Blood Sugar (RBS)

Question 59

Insulin Pump

Answer 59

provides continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)