The Endocrine Pancreas Flashcards
Define the feeding centre
System that promotes hunger and the drive to eat
What is the satiety centre?
Promotes the feeling of fullness by suppressing the feeding centre
What is the glucostatic theory of input?
Food intake is determined by blood glucose, being centre dominates when blood glucose levels drop
What is the lipostatic theory of food intake?
Food intake is determined by the level of fat storage, as they increase the satiety centre takes over
What is leptin?
Peptide hormone that is released by fat stored which depresses the feeding centre, obesity disrupts this
What three processes contribute to energy output?
Cellular work - basically everything that keeps us alive at rest
Mechanical work - which can be cellular or mechanical workload
Heat loss - accounts for half f the workload
What are the 3 elements of metabolism?
Extracting energy from nutrients
Storing that energy
utilising that energy for work
What do anabolic things do?
Synthesis of molecules for storage purposes
What do catabolic processes do?
Degrade large molecules to release energy
What is the absorptive state?
Where invested nutrients supply the energy needs of the body and the excess is then stored, this is an anabolic phase
What is the fasting state?
Where the body relies on the body stores to provide energy and this is the catabolic phase
What are non-obligatory glucose using tissues?
Tissues that use glucose as their primary source but can also get energy form other less favourable sources examples re skeletal, fat and most cells
What is an obligatory glucose user and give an example?
A tissue that can only get energy from glucose and has the ‘right of way’ to its use i.e. the brain
What does the brain use as an energy source in cases of severe starvation?
Begins to use proteins to create ketone bodies to use as an energy source
What is the converted in glycogenolysis?
Glycogen is converted into glucose
What is the process of glycogenesis?
The formation of glycogen in the liver form glucose
In what process is fat converted into fatty acids?
Lipolysis
What process converts amino acids into glucose?
Gluconeogenesis
What process is lipogenesis?
The formation of fat stores from excess glucose or amino acids
In what case is glucose present int he urine?
When there is an increase in blood glucose levels and a lack of insulin present i.e. in diabetes
Give the normal range of blood glucose
4.2-6.3mM(80-120mg/dl)
What is defined as hypoglycaemia in terms of the blood glucose?
3mM
What percentage of the pancreas works as an exocrine gland?
99%
What cells secrete glucagon?
Alpha cells
