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Endocrine Physiology > Physiology of Growth > Flashcards

Physiology of Growth Flashcards

1
Q

Where is growth hormone released from?

A

Anterior pituitary

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2
Q

What is growth hormone’s function?

A

promotes growth by stimulating cell proliferation

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3
Q

What is GH otherwise known as ?

A

Somatotrophin

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4
Q

What type of hormone is growth hormone?

A

Peptide hormone

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5
Q

How does growth hormone circulate the blood?

A

Unusually, 60% circulates bound to a carrier protein

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6
Q

What permissive actions does growth hormone require?

A

The action of thyroid hormones and insulin before it can stimulate growth

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7
Q

What is it’s half life?

A

12 minutes

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8
Q

What is a somatopause?

A

GH levels drop significantly in the elderly

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9
Q

What is IGF-1?

A

Intermediate of GH that is secreted by the liver in response to GH release from the anterior pituitary, and IGF-1 controls GH release through a negative feedback loop.

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10
Q

What effect does GH have on bones?

A

Stimulates the precursor cells of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plates which when matured produce collage which thickens and calcifies and then allows osteoblasts to lay down new bone

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11
Q

Which hormone does GH mimic?

A

Glucagon

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12
Q

Describe 4 effects of growth hormone

A

Increases gluconeogenesis in the liver
Reduces glucose uptake by suppressing insulin
Makes adipocytes more sensitive to lipolysis
Increases amino acid uptake and protein synthesis

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13
Q

What hormone controls the release of growth hormone?

A

GHRH

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14
Q

What is the mean average of growth hormone in the blood?

A

2-4ng/ml in adults

5-8ng/ml in children and through puberty

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15
Q

At what point through the day of a child is growth hormone most released?

A

During deep sleep

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16
Q

What stimuli increase GHRH?

A

Increased amino acids in the blood
Stressful stimuli - usually counteracted by cortisol
Deep sleep
Oestrogen and androgens

17
Q

Name stimuli that increase GHIH

A

Glucose
Cortisol
FFA
REM sleep

18
Q

What are the 3 factors that affect out growth?

A

Hormones
Nutrition
Genetic factors

19
Q

What are the two rapid period of growth?

A

Infancy and puberty

20
Q

What is the cause of giantism?

A

Extra growth hormone due to pituitary tumour before the epiphyseal plates have sealed

21
Q

What is the cause of acromegaly?

A

Excess growth hormone due to a pituitary hormone after the epiphyseal plates have sealed

22
Q

What is the cause of dwarfism?

A

Deficiency in GHRH or a defect in Gh secreting cells

Endocrine Physiology (9 decks)

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