The End of the Cold War

Question 1

What was SALT 1 (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty)

Answer 1

US and USSR agreed to limit the amount of nuclear weapons they had

Question 2

One advantage and one disadvantage of SALT 1

Answer 2

Adv: Slowed down the arms race

Dis-adv: Ensured that neither side had a decisive advantage with regard to nuclear weapons

Question 3

When was the Helsinki conference

Answer 3

1975

Question 4

2 agreements made at the Helsinki conference

Answer 4

East and West Germany officially accepted each other

USA agreed to buy oil from USSR

Question 5

2 importances of Helsinki

Answer 5

Helped USA and Soviets form a stable relation

Represented a high point of detente

Question 6

2 points of SALT 2

Answer 6

Imposed limits on new launch systems

Each superpower limited to 2250 warheads

Question 7

Why did SALT 2 fail? (1 point)

Answer 7

US politicians thought this treaty granted too much to the USSR

Question 8

Who became president of the US in 1981

Answer 8

Ronald Reagan

Question 9

Who became leader of the Soviet Union in 1985

Answer 9

Mikhail Gorbachev

Question 10

Why could the USSR not keep up with the USA in the 1980S

Answer 10

Its economy was falling

Question 11

When and where did Gorbachev meet Reagan

Answer 11

Geneva summit, 1985

Question 12

2 consequences of the Geneva summit

Answer 12

Represented an easing of the Cold War

Led to the INF treaty and START 1

Question 13

What was SDI (Strategic Defence Initiative)

Answer 13

Reagan’s plan to use satellites to destroy nuclear missiles

Question 14

1 point of the INF treaty

Answer 14

Eliminated all nuclear missiles with ranges 500-5500 km each superpower had

Question 15

When and why did the Soviets invade Afghanistan?

Answer 15

1979, to take control after the president was assassinated

Question 16

When was the Carter doctrine

Answer 16

1980

Question 17

2 factors of the Carter doctrine

Answer 17

USA would use force if Soviets tried to take the Persian Gulf
USA promised to stop trading with the Soviets

Question 18

2 consequences of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Answer 18

Helped lead to Reagan’s election (anti-communist)

USA boycotted the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow

Question 19

When was the ‘Second Cold War’?

Answer 19

1979-1984

Question 20

Why did relations deteriorate in the Second Cold War? (2 points)

Answer 20

The election of Reagan (anti-communist)
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
Olympic Boycott (1980 in Moscow)

Question 21

When was ‘Star Wars’ (SDI) launched?

Answer 21

1983

Question 22

Why did Gorbachev get rid of the Brezhnev doctrine?

Answer 22

He believed openness would make all Eastern bloc countries better

Question 23

When did the Berlin Wall fall?

Answer 23

1989

Question 24

Significance of the fall of the Berlin Wall for superpower relations? (2 factors)

Answer 24

Ended the Warsaw Pact in 1991

Soviets withdrew their troops from 1990 onwards

Question 25

What did Gorbachev announce in December 1991?

Answer 25

The dissolution of the Soviet Union and his resignation

Question 26

Why did the Soviet Union lose the Cold War? (2 factors)

Answer 26

The USA was far ahead of the Soviets in the arms race in the 1960s
Freedom - the Eastern bloc only existed due to the Soviets force and repression

Question 27

The significance of the fall of the Soviet Union (2 factors)

Answer 27

Cold War came to an end

Soviet Union became the Commonwealth of Independent States in 1992