The End of the Cold War Flashcards

1
Q

What was SALT 1 (Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty)

A

US and USSR agreed to limit the amount of nuclear weapons they had

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2
Q

One advantage and one disadvantage of SALT 1

A

Adv: Slowed down the arms race

Dis-adv: Ensured that neither side had a decisive advantage with regard to nuclear weapons

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3
Q

When was the Helsinki conference

A

1975

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4
Q

2 agreements made at the Helsinki conference

A

East and West Germany officially accepted each other

USA agreed to buy oil from USSR

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5
Q

2 importances of Helsinki

A

Helped USA and Soviets form a stable relation

Represented a high point of detente

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6
Q

2 points of SALT 2

A

Imposed limits on new launch systems

Each superpower limited to 2250 warheads

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7
Q

Why did SALT 2 fail? (1 point)

A

US politicians thought this treaty granted too much to the USSR

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8
Q

Who became president of the US in 1981

A

Ronald Reagan

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9
Q

Who became leader of the Soviet Union in 1985

A

Mikhail Gorbachev

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10
Q

Why could the USSR not keep up with the USA in the 1980S

A

Its economy was falling

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11
Q

When and where did Gorbachev meet Reagan

A

Geneva summit, 1985

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12
Q

2 consequences of the Geneva summit

A

Represented an easing of the Cold War

Led to the INF treaty and START 1

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13
Q

What was SDI (Strategic Defence Initiative)

A

Reagan’s plan to use satellites to destroy nuclear missiles

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14
Q

1 point of the INF treaty

A

Eliminated all nuclear missiles with ranges 500-5500 km each superpower had

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15
Q

When and why did the Soviets invade Afghanistan?

A

1979, to take control after the president was assassinated

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16
Q

When was the Carter doctrine

17
Q

2 factors of the Carter doctrine

A

USA would use force if Soviets tried to take the Persian Gulf
USA promised to stop trading with the Soviets

18
Q

2 consequences of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

A

Helped lead to Reagan’s election (anti-communist)

USA boycotted the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow

19
Q

When was the ‘Second Cold War’?

20
Q

Why did relations deteriorate in the Second Cold War? (2 points)

A

The election of Reagan (anti-communist)
Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
Olympic Boycott (1980 in Moscow)

21
Q

When was ‘Star Wars’ (SDI) launched?

22
Q

Why did Gorbachev get rid of the Brezhnev doctrine?

A

He believed openness would make all Eastern bloc countries better

23
Q

When did the Berlin Wall fall?

24
Q

Significance of the fall of the Berlin Wall for superpower relations? (2 factors)

A

Ended the Warsaw Pact in 1991

Soviets withdrew their troops from 1990 onwards

25
What did Gorbachev announce in December 1991?
The dissolution of the Soviet Union and his resignation
26
Why did the Soviet Union lose the Cold War? (2 factors)
The USA was far ahead of the Soviets in the arms race in the 1960s Freedom - the Eastern bloc only existed due to the Soviets force and repression
27
The significance of the fall of the Soviet Union (2 factors)
Cold War came to an end | Soviet Union became the Commonwealth of Independent States in 1992