The Eisenhower Years, JFK & LBJ Administrations & Civil Rights

Question 0

Highway Act (1956)

Answer 0

With an original authorization of 25 billion dollars for the construction of 41,000 miles (66,000 km) of the Interstate Highway System supposedly over a 10-year period, it was the largest public works project in American history through that time

Question 1

Modern Republicanism (1953)

Answer 1

Eisenhower’s philosophy which preserved individual freedom and the market economy yet insured that government would provide necessary assistance to workers who had lost their jobs or to senior citizens

Question 2

AFL-CIO (1955)

Answer 2

A national trade union center, the largest federation of unions in the United States

Question 3

Army-McCarthy Hearings (1954)

Answer 3

Greatly contributed to McCarthy’s decline in popularity and his eventual censure by the Senate the following December

Question 4

John Foster Dulles (1950s)

Answer 4

Sec. of State who was critical of Truman’s containment; called for liberation of captive nations and a “New look” military

Question 5

“New look” military (1950s)

Answer 5

Emphasized reliance on strategic nuclear weapons to deter potential threats, both conventional and nuclear, from the Eastern Bloc of nations headed by the Soviet Union

Question 6

MAD (1950s)

Answer 6

Mutually Assured Destruction; a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of high-yield weapons of mass destruction by two opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender

Question 7

Brinkmanship (1950s)

Answer 7

The tactic of seeming to approach the verge of war in order to persuade one’s opposition to retreat

Question 8

Civil Defense Administration (1950)

Answer 8

Attempted to put forward a comprehensive nationwide plan for fallout shelters, but confusion over goals led to insufficient budgets passing Congress, and in later years, the agency focused on evacuation as a strategy

Question 9

Mohammad Mosaddegh (1953)

Answer 9

the democratically elected[1][2][3] Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 until 1953, when his government was overthrown in a coup d’état orchestrated by the British MI6 and the American CIA

Question 10

Iranian coup d’état (1953)

Answer 10

The overthrow of Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh and his cabinet on 19 August 1953, orchestrated by the United Kingdom (under the name ‘Operation Boot’) and the United States (under the name TPAJAX Project)

Question 11

Guatemala (1954)

Answer 11

US overthrew Arbenz in favor of military junta

Question 12

Jacobo Arbenz (1950s)

Answer 12

Was ousted in a coup d’état engineered by the United States government and CIA and was replaced by a military junta headed by Colonel Carlos Castillo

Question 13

Ho Chi Minh

Answer 13

Led the Việt Minh independence movement from 1941 onward, establishing the communist-ruled Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945 and defeating the French Union in 1954 at the battle of Điện Biên Phủ

Question 14

Việt Minh (1950s)

Answer 14

Opposed the re-occupation of Vietnam by France and later opposed South Vietnam and the United States in the Vietnam War

Question 15

Battle of Dien Bien Phu (1954)

Answer 15

Culminated in a comprehensive French defeat that influenced negotiations over the future of Indochina at Geneva

Question 16

Geneva Conference (1954)

Answer 16

A conference which took place in Geneva, Switzerland, whose purpose was to attempt to find a way to settle outstanding issues on the Korean peninsula and to unify Vietnam and discuss the possibility of restoring peace in Indochina

Question 17

Ngô Đình Diệm (1950s)

Answer 17

The US-supported first president of South Vietnam

Question 18

Domino Theory (1950s)

Answer 18

Promoted at times by the United States government and speculated that if one state in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect

Question 19

SEATO (1954)

Answer 19

Created to block further communist gains in Southeast Asia, SEATO is generally considered a failure because internal conflict and dispute hindered general use of the SEATO military

Question 20

Suez Crisis (1956)

Answer 20

A diplomatic and military confrontation in late 1956 between Egypt on one side, and Britain, France and Israel on the other, with the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Nations playing major roles in forcing Britain, France and Israel to withdraw

Question 21

Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (1950s)

Answer 21

Nasser’s neutralist policies during the Cold War led to tense relations with Western powers

Question 22

Geneva Summit (1955)

Answer 22

Purpose was to bring together world leaders to begin discussions on peace

Question 23

Nikita Khrushchev (1950s)

Answer 23

A politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War

Question 24

Hungarian Revolt (1956)

Answer 24

Popular uprising against communists; crushed by Soviets

Question 25

Sputnik (1957)

Answer 25

First soviet satellite into orbit; caused questioning of US education