The ecological theater and the evolutionary play

Question 1

Biome

Answer 1

distinct biological community characterized by adaptations to the particular environment they share, classified by dom. veg.

Question 2

Ecosystem

Answer 2

interaction of biotic and abiotic things in an environment

Question 3

Cladogenesis

Answer 3

“Punctuated equilibrium” - multiple, branched lines of descent, ancestral spp may still be present
Rapid splitting of 1+spp from ancestor
Stasis followed by periods of rapid change

Question 4

Example : Cladogenesis

Answer 4

Darwin’s Galapagos Finches

Question 5

Gradualism

Answer 5

Slow accumulation of heritable change

selection and variation occur gradually over time

Question 6

Anagenesis

Answer 6

One line of descent, original population replaced

Question 7

Six Principles of Biomes

Answer 7

1. Species and Speciation- pop of unique ind that change over time
2. Diversity- strengthens ecosystem, more flexibility and opp for invention
3. Habitat- spp adapt to env cond of unique physical niche, shaped by soil, water and org
4. Adaptation- morpho/physiological features and behaviours of ind spp adapt to survive changing cond, successful traits = survival/reproduction
5. Interdependence- web of complex int and evolving adaptations btw spp and env
6. Evolution- interdependence leads to biological change over time from common ancestor, “descent with modification”

Question 8

Central postulates of evolution

Answer 8

• ind within spp are variable
• successful variation is heritable
• more offsp in every gen than can survive
• survival/reprod not random = natural selection

Question 9

What is HIV

Answer 9

Human immunovirus

• lentivirus from group retroviridae (long incubation and immune collapse)
• targets and destroys lymphoctes (T-cells) and allows other infection to take over

Question 10

Where did the modern epidemic of HIV start?

Answer 10

60’s -Central Africa
(1908- but unnoticed among other diseases)
Zoonoses(SIV) - chimps (HIV 1) central A
- Mangabeys(HIV2) west A