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Chemistry > The Earth's Atmosphere and Resources > Flashcards

The Earth's Atmosphere and Resources Flashcards

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

What was the likely cause of the formation of the Earth’s atmosphere

A

Volcanic activity

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3
Q

What was the main gas in the atmosphere in the early Earth

A

Carbon dioxide

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4
Q

What four gases were in the earth’s atmosphere

A

Nitrogen
Water vapour
Ammonia
Methane
Carbon dioxide

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5
Q

Why did the oxygen levels rise

A

As plants evolved, they made their own food by photosynthesis, so the levels of carbon dioxide decreases and the oxygen levels increased

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6
Q

What gas is the majority of the atmosphere made of today

A

Nitrogen

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7
Q

Why did the levels of ammonia and methane decrease

A

They reacted with the oxygen in the atmosphere

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8
Q

Name three greenhouse gases

A

Carbon dioxide
Methane
Sulfur dioxide

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9
Q

What is carbon footprint

A

The total amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases released over a service, product or event’s life cycle

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10
Q

How is sulfur dioxide formed

A

All fossil fuels contain sulfur impurities, when burned sulfur dioxide is formed

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11
Q

What can sulfur dioxide cause

A

Acid rain

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12
Q

How is carbon monoxide formed

A

Through incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons

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13
Q

Why is carbon monoxide dangerous

A

It will replace the oxygen in the haemoglobin, which means that it starves the body of oxygen

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14
Q

How is nitrogen oxide formed

A

At high temperatures, nitrogen reacts with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides (Nox)

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15
Q

What are particulates and how are they formed

A

Particulates, or soot, are small particles formed from incomplete combustion of large hydrocarbons e.g. diesel

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16
Q

What are the dangers of particulates

A

They can cause global dimming and can cause health issues, such as potentially causing cancer

17
Q

What are the four stages of life cycle assessments

A

Extraction -> Manufacture -> Usage -> Disposal

18
Q

What is the corrosion of iron called

A

Rusting

19
Q

What is rusting

A

The reaction of iron with chemicals in the environment

20
Q

What is the general reaction between iron and oxygen

A

Iron + water + oxygen -> hydrated iron (III) oxide

21
Q

How can we prevent rust using physical barriers

A

Using paint, oil and plastic will help prevent rust

22
Q

What is galvanising and sacrificial protection

A

A more reactive metal is placed on the iron via electroplating or dipping the iron in the molten metal.

The more reactive metal is sacrificed so the iron underneath will not rust

23
Q

What is an alloy

A

A mixture of two metals

24
Q

Why are alloys harder than pure metals

A

The different sizes in metal atoms means that the layers can not slide over each other, so they are harder to change

25
Q

What are three examples of alloys

A

Bronze, Steel and Gold alloys

26
Q

What are three types of steels

A

High carbon steels
Low carbon steels
Stainless steels

27
Q

What is steel

A

An alloy which is usually made of iron and carbon, and other elements

28
Q

What are the two types of poly(ethene)

A

High density and low density

29
Q

How can we change the type of poly(ethene) that is produced

A

Change the reaction conditions

30
Q

What are thermosoftening polymers

A

Polymers that soften when they are heated and re-set when they are cooled down

31
Q

What are thermosetting polymers

A

Polymers that do not melt when they are heated

32
Q

What are the polymer chains like in thermosetting polymers

A

The chains and tangled and easy to separate

33
Q

What are the polymer chains like in thermosetting polymers

A

There are strong covalent ‘cross-links’ between the chains

34
Q

What is soda glass made of

A

Sand, limestone and sodium carbonate

35
Q

What is borosilicate glass made of

A

Sand and boron trioxide

36
Q

What are ceramics made from

A

Clay which contains compounds of metals and non-metals

37
Q

What are composites

A

Materials made from two different materials, with one material acting as a binder for another material, and improving on just one single material

38
Q
A

Chemistry (8 decks)

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