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Chemistry > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the general formula of an alkane

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

A compound which only consists of hydrogen and carbon

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3
Q

What is crude oil

A

a mixture of many different carbon compounds

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4
Q

how can we separate crude oil into its separate compounds

A

Fractional distillation

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5
Q

What does ‘saturated hydrocarbon’ mean

A

All the bonds are taken up and no more bonds can be formed

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6
Q

Name the first four alkanes

A

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

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7
Q

What are the individual compounds of crude oil called

A

fractions

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8
Q

What is combustion

A

Burning - oxygen is added to the chemical and carbon dioxide and water are produced

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9
Q

What are the products of complete combustion

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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10
Q

What is the product of incomplete combustion

A

carbon monoxide

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11
Q

What is cracking

A

The process used to break up larger, less useful hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones

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12
Q

How is cracking carried out

A

Passed over a hot catalyst
mixed with steam and heated to a very high temperature

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13
Q

What is a positive test for an unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

Orange bromine water is turned colourless

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14
Q

What is the general formula for an alkene

A

CnH2n

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15
Q

What is the defining characteristic of alkenes (in terms of bonding)

A

Has a double C=C bond, making it an unsaturated hydrocarbon

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16
Q

What happens during addition reactions of the alkenes

A

The double bond opens up and the molecules add to the alkene

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17
Q

What is the product of a reaction between alkenes and water

A

Alcohol

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18
Q

What is the functional group of an alcohol

A

-OH

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19
Q

What are the first four alcohols

A

Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol

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20
Q

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid

A

-COOH

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21
Q

Name the first four carboxylic acids

A

Methanoic Acid
Ethanoic Acid
Propanoic Acid
Butanoic Acid

22
Q

What is the functional group of an ester

A

-COO-

23
Q

Which reaction forms an ester

A

Carboxylic acids react with alcohol under an acid catalyst to form esters

24
Q

Name some uses of alcohol

A

Alcoholic drinks
Biofuel
Perfumes
Aftershaves

25
Q

What kind of flame does combustion of alcohols produce

A

Clean blue flame

26
Q

What are the products of sodium and ethanol

A

Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen

27
Q

What are the products of oxidation using an oxidising agent of alcohols

A

Carboxylic acid and water

28
Q

What is the name for a single unit of a polymer

A

Monomer

29
Q

What are the two types of polymerisation

A

Addition polymerisation
Condensation polymerisation

30
Q

What is the monomer of poly(ethene)

A

Ethene

31
Q

What is the polymer of the monomer propene

A

poly(propene)

32
Q

What happens to the double bond in an ethene during addition polymerisation

A

The double bond breaks and instead allows the ethene to bond to another ethene

33
Q

What are the products of condensation polymerisation

A

Polymer + small molecule

34
Q

What is the general formula for making a polyester (hint - di)

A

Diol + dicarboxylic acid –> polyester + water

35
Q

What other product is formed during the formation of polyester

A

water

36
Q

Give four examples of natural polymers

A

Starch
Protein
Cellulose
DNA

37
Q

What is a polysaccharide

A

A polymer made of many different sugars

38
Q

What is a monosaccharide

A

A simple carbohydrate e.g. glucose

39
Q

What does an amino acid consist of?

A

A basic group (alkaline)
An acidic group

40
Q

What is the simplest amino acid called

A

glycine

41
Q

What are the two functional groups of an amino acid

A

Amine group (-NH2)
Carboxylic group (-COOH)

42
Q

What is the name given to a long chain of amino acids

A

polypeptide

43
Q

What does DNA stand for

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

44
Q

What is the name given to the structure of DNA

A

double helix

45
Q

How many different monomers make up DNA

A

4

46
Q

How are the two strands of DNA held together

A

intermolecular forces

47
Q

what is the name given to a monomer of DNA

A

nucleotide

48
Q

What are the names given to the four bases of DNA (give only the letters)

A

A, T, C, G

49
Q

What does a nucleotide consist of

A

Phosphate
Sugar
Base

50
Q

What type of polymerisation forms DNA

A

condensation polymerisation

Chemistry (8 decks)

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