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Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general formula of an alkane

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

A compound which only consists of hydrogen and carbon

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3
Q

What is crude oil

A

a mixture of many different carbon compounds

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4
Q

how can we separate crude oil into its separate compounds

A

Fractional distillation

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5
Q

What does ‘saturated hydrocarbon’ mean

A

All the bonds are taken up and no more bonds can be formed

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6
Q

Name the first four alkanes

A

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

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7
Q

What are the individual compounds of crude oil called

A

fractions

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8
Q

What is combustion

A

Burning - oxygen is added to the chemical and carbon dioxide and water are produced

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9
Q

What are the products of complete combustion

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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10
Q

What is the product of incomplete combustion

A

carbon monoxide

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11
Q

What is cracking

A

The process used to break up larger, less useful hydrocarbons into smaller, more useful ones

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12
Q

How is cracking carried out

A

Passed over a hot catalyst
mixed with steam and heated to a very high temperature

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13
Q

What is a positive test for an unsaturated hydrocarbon

A

Orange bromine water is turned colourless

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14
Q

What is the general formula for an alkene

A

CnH2n

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15
Q

What is the defining characteristic of alkenes (in terms of bonding)

A

Has a double C=C bond, making it an unsaturated hydrocarbon

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16
Q

What happens during addition reactions of the alkenes

A

The double bond opens up and the molecules add to the alkene

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17
Q

What is the product of a reaction between alkenes and water

A

Alcohol

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18
Q

What is the functional group of an alcohol

A

-OH

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19
Q

What are the first four alcohols

A

Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol

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20
Q

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid

A

-COOH

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21
Q

Name the first four carboxylic acids

A

Methanoic Acid
Ethanoic Acid
Propanoic Acid
Butanoic Acid

22
Q

What is the functional group of an ester

23
Q

Which reaction forms an ester

A

Carboxylic acids react with alcohol under an acid catalyst to form esters

24
Q

Name some uses of alcohol

A

Alcoholic drinks
Biofuel
Perfumes
Aftershaves

25
What kind of flame does combustion of alcohols produce
Clean blue flame
26
What are the products of sodium and ethanol
Sodium ethoxide and hydrogen
27
What are the products of oxidation using an oxidising agent of alcohols
Carboxylic acid and water
28
What is the name for a single unit of a polymer
Monomer
29
What are the two types of polymerisation
Addition polymerisation Condensation polymerisation
30
What is the monomer of poly(ethene)
Ethene
31
What is the polymer of the monomer propene
poly(propene)
32
What happens to the double bond in an ethene during addition polymerisation
The double bond breaks and instead allows the ethene to bond to another ethene
33
What are the products of condensation polymerisation
Polymer + small molecule
34
What is the general formula for making a polyester (hint - di)
Diol + dicarboxylic acid --> polyester + water
35
What other product is formed during the formation of polyester
water
36
Give four examples of natural polymers
Starch Protein Cellulose DNA
37
What is a polysaccharide
A polymer made of many different sugars
38
What is a monosaccharide
A simple carbohydrate e.g. glucose
39
What does an amino acid consist of?
A basic group (alkaline) An acidic group
40
What is the simplest amino acid called
glycine
41
What are the two functional groups of an amino acid
Amine group (-NH2) Carboxylic group (-COOH)
42
What is the name given to a long chain of amino acids
polypeptide
43
What does DNA stand for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
44
What is the name given to the structure of DNA
double helix
45
How many different monomers make up DNA
4
46
How are the two strands of DNA held together
intermolecular forces
47
what is the name given to a monomer of DNA
nucleotide
48
What are the names given to the four bases of DNA (give only the letters)
A, T, C, G
49
What does a nucleotide consist of
Phosphate Sugar Base
50
What type of polymerisation forms DNA
condensation polymerisation

Chemistry (8 decks)

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