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ISEB Physics for IZZY > The Earth and beyond > Flashcards

The Earth and beyond Flashcards

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AP® Physics flashcards Physics 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe what gravity is?

A

It is a force which attracts all masses

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2
Q

What is mass?

A

the amount of stuff in an object

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3
Q

What is mass measured in?

A

kg

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4
Q

What is weight?

A

It is a force

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5
Q

What is weight measured in?

A

newtons

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6
Q

Describe the difference between the mass and the weight of a kg of peanut butter on earth and on the space station

A

The mass 1 kg will stay the same in space and on earth
The weight of the peanut butter will be 9.8N on earth but almost nothing in space because there is very little gravity

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7
Q

What is at the centr of our solar system?

A

The sun

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8
Q

How many planets orbit our sun?

A

8

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9
Q

What is the order from the sun of the planets in our solar system

A

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

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10
Q

What is the main difference between a star and a planet?

A

Stars give out light and planets do not

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11
Q

What is a collection of stars called

A

A galaxy

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12
Q

Which galaxy is our solar system in?

A

The milky way

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13
Q

What is a solar system

A

A sun orbited by planets

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14
Q

What is a galaxy?

A

A large collection of stars

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15
Q

What is a light year?

A

It is the distance travelled by light in one year

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16
Q

How long does it take light to reach the earth from the sun?

A

8.3 minutes

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17
Q

What is the name of the 2nd closest star to the earth

A

Proxima centauri

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18
Q

How long does it take for light to reach the earth from the 2nd furthest star Proxima centauri?

A

4 years

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19
Q

How close are we to the sun?

A

150 million km

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20
Q

How long does it take the earth to rotate on it’s own axis?

A

24 hours

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21
Q

How long does it take the earth to orbit the sun?

A

365 and 1/4 days

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22
Q

What is a leap year?

A

a year with an extra day - Feb 29th.

23
Q

Why do we have a leap year?

A

Every fourth year we add an extra day to sort out the 1/4 day of the suns orbit around the earth

24
Q

What is the equator?

A

The invisible central line drawn around the circumference of the earth

25
Q

What is the Northern hemisphere?

A

The half of the earth above the equator

26
Q

What is the Southern hemisphere?

A

The half of the earth below the equator

27
Q

What causes the earth to have seasons?

A

The earths axis is not perfectly vertical but slightly tilted

28
Q

During which season is the tilt of the earth towards the sun?

A

Summer

29
Q

During which season is the tilt of the earth away from the sun?

A

Winter

30
Q

Why are the seasons opposite for the Northern and Southern hemispheres?

A

Due to the tilt of the earth one hemisphere is nearer the sun so having summer and the other is further away so having winter

31
Q

What date in the UK are we tilted closest to the sun so have the most daylight

A

June 21st

32
Q

What date in the UK are we tilted furthest away from the sun so have the least daylight

A

December 21st

33
Q

When does the sun appear to be highest in the sky?

A

During summer

34
Q

When does the sun appear to be lowest in the sky?

A

During winter

35
Q

Where does the sun rise in the Northern hemisphere?

A

In the East

36
Q

Where does the sun set in the Northern hemisphere?

A

In the west

37
Q

What is the pole star

A

It is a star which is located directly above the axis of the earth over the North pole.

38
Q

Do the sun and other stars move in the sky

A

No, they appear to because the earth is rotating around the sun but they all stay in the same place- only the earth moves

39
Q

Explain what night time is

A

The period of time where the point on the earth that you are in is facing away from the sun.

40
Q

Explain what day time is

A

The period of time where the point on the earth that you are in is facing towards the sun.

41
Q

Explain a solar eclipse

A

The moon passes between the sun and the earth blocking the light from the sun from reaching earth

42
Q

What is the difference between a partial and a total eclipse?

A

The light from the sun is either totally blocked or partly blocked

43
Q

Explain a lunar eclipse

A

The earth passes between the sun and the moon blocking the light from reaching the moon so it cannot be seen.

44
Q

What is a satellite?

A

something which orbits a planet

45
Q

What is a moon?

A

A natural satellite which orbits a planet

46
Q

Apart from our moon what other types of satellite orbit the earht

A
  1. Communication and navigation
  2. Weather
  3. Observation of earth
  4. Exploration
47
Q

Give 3 examples of how a Communication and navigation may be used

A
  1. Phone signals
  2. TV signals
  3. GPS (global satellite system) location services
48
Q

Give 2 examples of how an observation satellite may be used

A
  1. Making up to date maps
  2. Spying for the military
49
Q

What is a probe?

A

They are unmanned spaceships

50
Q

Give 2 reasons why probes are used instead of manned spacecraft.

A
  1. cheaper
  2. safer
51
Q

Who was the first man in space and when?

A

Yuri Gargarin 1961

52
Q

Who was the first man on the moon and when?

A

Neil Armstrong 1969

53
Q

When was the first space station launched?

A

1971

54
Q

Which planets have we sent probes to?

A

all of them but they have only landed on Mars, Venus and Titan ( a moon of Saturn)

ISEB Physics for IZZY (8 decks)

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