The Earth and beyond

Question 1

Describe what gravity is?

Answer 1

It is a force which attracts all masses

Question 2

What is mass?

Answer 2

the amount of stuff in an object

Question 3

What is mass measured in?

Answer 3

kg

Question 4

What is weight?

Answer 4

It is a force

Question 5

What is weight measured in?

Answer 5

newtons

Question 6

Describe the difference between the mass and the weight of a kg of peanut butter on earth and on the space station

Answer 6

The mass 1 kg will stay the same in space and on earth
The weight of the peanut butter will be 9.8N on earth but almost nothing in space because there is very little gravity

Question 7

What is at the centr of our solar system?

Answer 7

The sun

Question 8

How many planets orbit our sun?

Answer 8

8

Question 9

What is the order from the sun of the planets in our solar system

Answer 9

Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune

Question 10

What is the main difference between a star and a planet?

Answer 10

Stars give out light and planets do not

Question 11

What is a collection of stars called

Answer 11

A galaxy

Question 12

Which galaxy is our solar system in?

Answer 12

The milky way

Question 13

What is a solar system

Answer 13

A sun orbited by planets

Question 14

What is a galaxy?

Answer 14

A large collection of stars

Question 15

What is a light year?

Answer 15

It is the distance travelled by light in one year

Question 16

How long does it take light to reach the earth from the sun?

Answer 16

8.3 minutes

Question 17

What is the name of the 2nd closest star to the earth

Answer 17

Proxima centauri

Question 18

How long does it take for light to reach the earth from the 2nd furthest star Proxima centauri?

Answer 18

4 years

Question 19

How close are we to the sun?

Answer 19

150 million km

Question 20

How long does it take the earth to rotate on it’s own axis?

Answer 20

24 hours

Question 21

How long does it take the earth to orbit the sun?

Answer 21

365 and 1/4 days

Question 22

What is a leap year?

Answer 22

a year with an extra day - Feb 29th.

Question 23

Why do we have a leap year?

Answer 23

Every fourth year we add an extra day to sort out the 1/4 day of the suns orbit around the earth

Question 24

What is the equator?

Answer 24

The invisible central line drawn around the circumference of the earth

Question 25

What is the Northern hemisphere?

Answer 25

The half of the earth above the equator

Question 26

What is the Southern hemisphere?

Answer 26

The half of the earth below the equator

Question 27

What causes the earth to have seasons?

Answer 27

The earths axis is not perfectly vertical but slightly tilted

Question 28

During which season is the tilt of the earth towards the sun?

Answer 28

Summer

Question 29

During which season is the tilt of the earth away from the sun?

Answer 29

Winter

Question 30

Why are the seasons opposite for the Northern and Southern hemispheres?

Answer 30

Due to the tilt of the earth one hemisphere is nearer the sun so having summer and the other is further away so having winter

Question 31

What date in the UK are we tilted closest to the sun so have the most daylight

Answer 31

June 21st

Question 32

What date in the UK are we tilted furthest away from the sun so have the least daylight

Answer 32

December 21st

Question 33

When does the sun appear to be highest in the sky?

Answer 33

During summer

Question 34

When does the sun appear to be lowest in the sky?

Answer 34

During winter

Question 35

Where does the sun rise in the Northern hemisphere?

Answer 35

In the East

Question 36

Where does the sun set in the Northern hemisphere?

Answer 36

In the west

Question 37

What is the pole star

Answer 37

It is a star which is located directly above the axis of the earth over the North pole.

Question 38

Do the sun and other stars move in the sky

Answer 38

No, they appear to because the earth is rotating around the sun but they all stay in the same place- only the earth moves

Question 39

Explain what night time is

Answer 39

The period of time where the point on the earth that you are in is facing away from the sun.

Question 40

Explain what day time is

Answer 40

The period of time where the point on the earth that you are in is facing towards the sun.

Question 41

Explain a solar eclipse

Answer 41

The moon passes between the sun and the earth blocking the light from the sun from reaching earth

Question 42

What is the difference between a partial and a total eclipse?

Answer 42

The light from the sun is either totally blocked or partly blocked

Question 43

Explain a lunar eclipse

Answer 43

The earth passes between the sun and the moon blocking the light from reaching the moon so it cannot be seen.

Question 44

What is a satellite?

Answer 44

something which orbits a planet

Question 45

What is a moon?

Answer 45

A natural satellite which orbits a planet

Question 46

Apart from our moon what other types of satellite orbit the earht

Answer 46

1. Communication and navigation 2. Weather 3. Observation of earth 4. Exploration

Question 47

Give 3 examples of how a Communication and navigation may be used

Answer 47

1. Phone signals 2. TV signals 3. GPS (global satellite system) location services

Question 48

Give 2 examples of how an observation satellite may be used

Answer 48

1. Making up to date maps 2. Spying for the military

Question 49

What is a probe?

Answer 49

They are unmanned spaceships

Question 50

Give 2 reasons why probes are used instead of manned spacecraft.

Answer 50

1. cheaper 2. safer

Question 51

Who was the first man in space and when?

Answer 51

Yuri Gargarin 1961

Question 52

Who was the first man on the moon and when?

Answer 52

Neil Armstrong 1969

Question 53

When was the first space station launched?

Answer 53

1971

Question 54

Which planets have we sent probes to?

Answer 54

all of them but they have only landed on Mars, Venus and Titan ( a moon of Saturn)