Energy

Question 1

Identify the 8 different forms of energy

Answer 1

Kinetic
Chemical
Sound
Electric
Light
Thermal
Strain
Gravitational

Question 2

Describe the energy transfer when turning on a light

Answer 2

Turning on a light transfers electrical energy into light and thermal energy

Question 3

Describe the energy transfer of a wind turbine

Answer 3

Kinetic energy from the wind is transformed into electrical energy and some sound energy

Question 4

Identify the three types of energy which can be stored

Answer 4

Chemical
Gravitational
Strain

Question 5

Give two examples of how chemical energy can be stored

Answer 5

Batteries
Food
Fuel

Question 6

How is strain energy usually stored

Answer 6

In stretched springs

Question 7

Explain the law of conservation of energy

Answer 7

Energy cannot be created or destroyed it is only transferred from one form to another.

Question 8

How do humans make energy useful to them?

Answer 8

They transfer energy from one form to another

Question 9

When energy is inputted into a device some will be wasted, give an example of this

Answer 9

Electrical energy into a light bulb, the useful energy out put is light energy
wasted energy is heat energy
or
Chemical energy (food) into a horse, the useful energy is kinetic in movement but most is wasted as heat energy,

Question 10

Total energy imput = ? fill in the other side of the equation

Answer 10

Useful energy output + wasted energy

Question 11

Explain how fossil fuels were formed

Answer 11

Plants used energy from the sun to create biomass.
Animals ate the plants to get energy.
Animals and plants died and their remains were buried under mud, rocks and sand
The remains decayed over millions of years and pressure turned them into fuels - oil coal and gas.
The fuels contain the chemical energy that were originally stored in the animal and plant tissues

Question 12

How do we use fossil fuels?

Answer 12

We burn fuels to convert the chemical energy in them into
1. thermal (heat) energy to heat homes
2. Kinetic energy to power vehicles
3. Electrical energy to provide electricity for homes and businesses

Question 13

Describe the transfer chain from the sun to the fossil fuels.

Answer 13

Sun –> light energy –> photosynthesis –> dead plants/animals –> fossil fuels

Question 14

Describe the transfer chain from the sun to food

Answer 14

Sun –> light energy –> photosynthesis –> biomass

Question 15

Describe the transfer chain from the sun to wind power

Answer 15

Sun –> heat atmosphere –> air circulates –> causes wind

Question 16

Describe the transfer chain from the sun to wave power

Answer 16

Sun –> heat atmosphere –> air circulates –> causes wind –> causes waves

Question 17

Explain how the sun helps to create winds

Answer 17

The sun heats the atmosphere. Some areas are heated more than others.
Warm air rises because it is lighter than colder air.
As the warm air rises the cold air rushes in to fill it’s place causing a wind to blow

Question 18

Explain how waves are formed

Answer 18

The sun heats the atmosphere causing temperature differences in the air.
Cold air moving in to replace rising warm air causes winds.
Winds blowing across the surface of the sea push the water about causing waves.

Question 19

How is most of the electricity in the UK generated?

Answer 19

By burning fossil fuels

Question 20

Identify the fossil fuels used to generate electricity

Answer 20

Coal
Oil
Gas

Question 21

Explain how fossil fuels are used to generate electricity

Answer 21

1. The chemical energy stored in fossil fuels are burned in a boiler producung heat energy
2. The heat energy is used to heat water turning it into high pressure steam.
3. The steam drives turbines which turn a generator transferring kinetic energy into electrical energy.

Question 22

To generate electricity a generator is driven by a ???

Answer 22

turbine

Question 23

Electricity generators are driven by turbines, these can be powered in different ways.
Describe some of the ways.

Answer 23

1. Steam produced by burning fossil fuels
2. Wind power from a windmill
3. Hydroelectric power the turbines are driven by water
4. Wave power- the turbines are driven by the up and down motion of the wave

Question 24

Which fuels are classed as non renewable?

Answer 24

Fossil fuels oil, coal and gas
Nuclear fuel

Question 25

What renewable energy sources can be used?

Answer 25

Wind
Solar
Wave
Biomass

Question 26

Explain the advantages of using non renewable energy sources

Answer 26

1. They produce a lot energy
2. They do not rely on the weather or other changing factors
3. The infrastructure (power stations) for producing the energy is in place so there is not extra cost for producing the energy.

Question 27

Explain the advantages of using renewable energy sources

Answer 27

1. Unlike fossil fuels they will not run out.
2. They create little pollution
3. They cause some environmental damage but a lot less then traditional non renewable sources
4. The fuel is free and after the setting up costs there are only a few running costs.

Question 28

Explain the disadvantages of using non renewable energy sources

Answer 28

1. They will run out because there is a limited supply of them
2. Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide a greenhouse gas which causes climate change
3. Burning coal and oil releases sulfur dioxide which causes acid rain
4. Nuclear power stations produce radioactive waste which is dangerous and difficult to dispose of.

Question 29

Explain the disadvantages of using renewable energy sources

Answer 29

1. They don’t provide as much energy as fossil fuels
2. They can be unreliable if they depend on the weather eg solar wind etc
3. They can damage the local environment eg windmills spoiling a view or flooding a valley to make a dam for hydroelectric
4. The set up costs are high.