The earth

Question 1

State the meaning and give example of:

The greenhouse effect

Answer 1

1. When greenhouse gases, like carbon dioxide, build up in the Earth’s atmosphere

• they form a blanket which prevents the heat rays from leaving the atmosphere
• the heat rays bounce back to Earth, warming it up.

Question 2

State the meaning and give example of:

(i) Climate Change

Answer 2

Climate change is a long term change in the weather pattern. This could be areas of land getting hotter or even colder.

Question 3

State the meaning and give example of:

Global warming

Answer 3

Global warming describes how the Earth is warming up due to a rise in temperature. This causes a gradual rise in the Earth’s mean temperature.

Question 4

List and explain 2 advantages of recycling Aluminium

Answer 4

Less resources need to be mined for.

Less fossil fuels will need to be burnt when mining for the aluminium.

Less land will be dug up.

Question 5

List and explain 2 disadvantages of recycling Aluminium.

Answer 5

The transportation of aluminium to the recycling plant requires lots of vehicles which use fossil fuels that release greenhouse gases.

The aluminium also needs to be sorted and cleaned before it can be recycled.

Question 6

What is the rock cycle?

Answer 6

This describes how rocks are changed from one type to another.

Question 7

What is igneous rock and explain how it is formed.

Answer 7

• Igneous rocks form when magma is cooled down when it cools slowly below the surface of the volcano it forms large crystals
• When magma rises above the surface of the volcano it becomes lava. When lava cools above the surface it cools quickly and forms small crystals.

Question 8

How does sedimentary rock form a metamorphic rock?

Answer 8

• Sedimentary rock gets pushed deeper into the Earth.
• Heat and pressure builds up and changes the sedimentary rock into metamorphic rock which is denser and usually shiny.

Question 9

Describe in detail how sedimentary rock forms.

Answer 9

• Rocks are weathered from the side of hills or mountains near the sea.
• The rocks break into smaller pieces as they go down to the sea.
• Here they fall on top of dead animals and plants.
• More layers fall and heat and pressure cements these rocks together.
• Sometimes fossils can be found.

Question 10

Describe in detail how carbon enters and leaves the atmosphere. Use the diagram to help you. Use scientific language to write your answer.

Answer 10

• Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters plants which utilise it for photosynthesis.
• Carbon dioxide is also dissolved into the sea..
• Sea animals and plants also respire which releases CO2 into the atmosphere.
• Plants make carbohydrates using the CO2.
• Animals eat plants (carbs) and release CO2 through respiration which goes back into the atmosphere.
• Plants and animals die and decomposers break down their dead bodies and release CO2 through respiration.
• Some plants and animals break down into fossil fuels which are dug up and burnt which releases CO2 through combustion.