The earth

Question 1

What are the layers of the earht?

Answer 1

Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Question 2

What is the radius of the earth’s crust

Answer 2

5-50 km

Question 3

What is the distance from the center of the earth to the crust

Answer 3

6400 km

Question 4

What is the radius of the earth’s combined core

Answer 4

3500

Question 5

What is the radius of just the earth’s inner core

Answer 5

1300

Question 6

What is the earhts outer core like?

Answer 6

Hot liquid

Question 7

What is the earhts inner core made of

Answer 7

Iron and nickel

Question 8

What chemical in the earths atmosphere protects us from UV rays?

Answer 8

Ozone (O3)

Question 9

What is convection

Answer 9

???

Question 10

What keeps the earhts surface warm

Answer 10

Greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide

Question 11

Why is the sky blue?

Answer 11

THe earht’s atmosphere scatters blue light from the sun more than red.

Question 12

What is the great oxygenation event?

Answer 12

Blue-green algae photosynthesis kicked in (couple billion years ago) and oxygen (O2) is created

Question 13

What causes a red sky?

Answer 13

Fires, eruptions ect. The difference in chemcials in the air change which color of light (RGB) is being scattered

Question 14

Why does the atmosphere constantly have a “healthy” dose of carbon in ut?

Answer 14

The carbon cycle. Carbon gets reused and recycled through a combination of weather, erosion, and volcanic eruptions.

Question 15

What is the greenhouse effect

Answer 15

Energy is trapped by carbon molecules (infrared)

Question 16

What is a positive feedback effct?

Answer 16

Dangerous! Change in one direction causes additional change in the other direction
EG surface water on Venus boils H2O into the atmosphere bc hot —> H2O makes it more hot —-> more water gets boiled

Question 17

What is a negative feedback effect?

Answer 17

Change in one direction causes a change in an opposing direction
EG: House gets cold —-> heating kicks on

Question 18

What are convection cells in the atmosphere

Answer 18

Heat rises in one place and then comes down in another

Question 19

What is the Coriolis effect

Answer 19

Earth is constantly rotating which deflects heat and storm systems horizontally

Question 20

What causes spiral storm systems on the earth??

Answer 20

Coriolis effect/conservation of angular momentum causes opposing systems/winds to interact from opposite directions slightly skewed and create a spiral

Question 21

How are storm systems different in the northern and southern hemisphere?

Answer 21

Rotate in opposite directions

Question 22

What are jetstreams and where do they occur?

Answer 22

Within convection cells. Go aroudn the earth

Question 23

What causes the tides on earth

Answer 23

Moon is simulttaneously pulling strongly on close side of the earth and weakly on its far side, but because it is also constantly changing this force is constantly shifting with the strongest force following the moon around the planet and pulling the tides with it.

Question 24

What is the different between a spring tide and a neap tide?

Answer 24

Neap: weakest, 3rd and 1st quarter, moon is at 90 deg. from sun
spring: strongest, new and full, moon is in line with earth and sun

Question 25

What is a king tide?

Answer 25

Spring tide when moon is closest to earth

Question 26

What is happening to the earths rotation over time?

Answer 26

It is slowing down- transferring its angular momentum to the moon

Question 27

What does the transfer of angular momentum from the earth to the moon do to the moon over time? Pushes it farther away

Question 28

What caused the glacial advance(s)

Answer 28

Variation in the earth's orbit and tilt

Question 29

What was the last (most recent) glacial advance

Answer 29

Wisconsin glacial

Question 30

What are the two closest evidences of glaciation to us?

Answer 30

Verrazano Narrows and the terminal moraine in between exit 10 and exit 11 on the NJTP (highest point is water supply)

Question 31

What did the great oxygenation event cause?

Answer 31

O2, Fe2O3- Created banded iron formations (milanmkovitch cycles)

Question 32

What is the generic name for effects caused by the earths orbit and tilt?

Answer 32

Milankovitch cycles

Question 33

What are Sheer waves (S-waves

Answer 33

sideways compared to direction of propogation (squiggly)

Question 34

What can S- Waves go through?

Answer 34

Only solids

Question 35

What are P- waves

Answer 35

go along the direction of propogation (straight across)

Question 36

What kind of waves are sound waves?

Answer 36

P- waves

Question 37

What can P- waves travel through?

Answer 37

gases liquids and solids

Question 38

Which type of wave did we feel in the new jersey earth quake?

Answer 38

S-waves

Question 39

What are s waves and p waaves used for in terms of scientific discovery

Answer 39

Mapping out the interior of the earth based on time of earthquake and time of arival

Question 40

How do we know what the earhts core is made of?

Answer 40

Since s waves can only pass thru solids, we see the point at which they can and cant pass through to know that there is a liquid interior

Question 41

What are the inner and outer core made of?

Answer 41

Liquid/solid iron and nickel

Question 42

What is the mantle made out of

Answer 42

silicase

Question 43

What keeps the interior of the earth warm?

Answer 43

radioactive decay (heavy elements that sank are now decaying)

Question 44

What carries out the heat transfer in the mantle?

Answer 44

Convection

Question 45

What does convection in the earths mantle lead to

Answer 45

movement of tectonic plates (up and down like a rotating conveyer

Question 46

How were the earhts tectonic plates discovered?

Answer 46

matching fossils on opposing sides of the world

Question 47

Where is iceland located

Answer 47

The middle of the midoceanic ridge

Question 48

Where was the spot that the ocean shores flooding was measured with magnetic feilds?

Answer 48

Somewhere on the pacific

Question 49

What causes the earhts magnetic feild?

Answer 49

the "dynamo" that creates a sort of "bar magnet" - circulating electric current

Question 50

What happens to the earths magnetic feild regularly

Answer 50

it flips

Question 51

how do we know that the earths magnetic field flips

Answer 51

rocks and shit bc when it hardns it always points in the certain way and then it flips we've found rocks from both ways

Question 52

What is true about the magnetism on either side of the pacific oceanic ridge

Answer 52

symmetrical features

Question 53

What is magnetization of molten rocks durign solidification

Answer 53

> iron and shit randomly oriented when hot not magnetic > will remember the direction of the magnetic field that it is cooled in

Question 54

Where were plate tectonics nailed down

Answer 54

Specific symmetrical spot in the south pacific ocean

Question 55

Know map of the things about plate tectonics

Question 56

What is hawaii

Answer 56

a string of hotspot sheild volcanos- islands get pushed up as crust gets pushed over the hotspots

Question 57

what mountain ranges used to be connected?

Answer 57

Iberian-Appalachians (west Virginia)

Question 58

What happens if you shoot a particle across magnetic field lines

Answer 58

it gets steered to the side

Question 59

What does earths magnetic feild protect us from

Answer 59

charged particles from the sun (solar wind)

Question 60

why is life on mars wonky

Answer 60

solar wind no protection shawty has no magnetic feild

Question 61

What do you need for a magnetic dynamo (pseudo magnet)

Answer 61

- rotation (fast for turbulence - liquid metallic (conduction)

Question 62

What was the crater that killed the dinos

Answer 62

Chixiclub (mexicos arm)

Question 63

what is the main signature of the dinasours being dead from chixiclub

Answer 63

Iridium boundary IR (outer space:!) all of the rest of it sank into the core

Question 64

Charged particle formuula

Answer 64

---

Question 65

How do charged particles feel force depending on magnetic field presence?

Answer 65

no magnetic - no force along - no force perpendicular - to B feel force perpendicular to both

Question 66

what happens to a charged particle that runs along a magnetic feild line?

Answer 66

curly cue!

Question 67

What do charged particles on the surface of the sun do?

Answer 67

run along magnetic feild lines between sunspots