The Early Tudors and Establishing the Dynasty Flashcards
What was the Holy Roman Empire?
A large central European state, roughly equivalent to modern Germany, which was ruled by an elected emperor.
Who were the Valois?
The ruling dynasty of France that reigned from the early fourteenth century to the late sixteenth century.
Who were the Habsburgs?
The ruling dynasty of Sixteenth century Spain, Austria, the Netherlands and the Holy Roman Empire.
Why was it natural for the Tudors to align themselves with the Habsburgs?
- France had been England’s traditional enemy throughout the middle ages.
- Henry VIII’s marriage with Catherine of Aragon linked England to Spain.
- The alliance offered both protection from France, but also economic benefits as the Habsburgs ruled the Cloth Empire of Europe, the Netherlands.
What was the kingdom that Henry usurped made up of?
England
Wales
The Pale (Part of Ireland)
Calais
What was a Bishopric?
A semi - independent ecclesiastical lordship ruled by a bishop.
When was Henry crowned Henry VII?
1485
What year did Henry marry Elizabeth and have their first child, Arthur?
1486
When was the first law passed against illegal retaining?
1487
When was the Battle of Stoke?
June 1487
When was Thomas Howards, the Earl of Surrey, released from prison?
1489
When was the Yorkshire Rebellion?
1489
When was the council learned in law established?
1495
When was the Cornish Rebellion?
1497
When was Warbeck and the Earl of Warwick executed?
1499
When did Arthur die?
1502
When did Queen Elizabeth die?
1503
What does Dei gratia mean?
By the will of God. The argument for the divine right of kings.
What made up the royal prerogative?
The king’s political, military and economic powers. E.g. raising troops, declaring war, concluding peace, conducting foreign affairs, summoning and dissolving parliament, pardoning offenders, managing the coinage and arranging royal marriages.
When was the Battle of Bosworth?
22nd August 1485
What was Henry’s maternal claim to the throne?
His mother Margaret Beaufort. She was a direct descendant of Edward III by the marriage of his third son, John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, to Catherine Swynford.
What was Henry’s paternal claim to the throne?
Inherited royal blood from his father, Edmund Tudor. Edmund and Jasper were the half brothers of Henry VI. Henry was the half nephew of the king.
What was Henry’s essential aim?
To remain king and establish his dynasty by handing on an unchallenged succession to his descendants. This shaped both his domestic and foreign policy.
Name three things Henry did when he initially came into power, to secure the throne.
- He dated the official beginning of his reign from the day before Bosworth, meaning that Richard and his supporters could be declared traitors.
- He deliberately arranged his coronation for the 30th October, before the first meeting of parliament on the 7th November so it could never be said that parliament made Henry VII king.
- He applied for a papal dispensation to marry Elizabeth of York. This was necessary as they were distant cousins and they were married on the 18th January 1486, uniting the houses of Lancaster and York.
How did Henry resolve the threat of Edward, Earl of Warwick?
He locked him in the tower of London, where he lived in relative comfort.
How did John de la Pole and his father, the Earl of Suffolk avoid punishment from Henry?
They pledged loyalty to Henry.
