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History - Tudors > Henry VII: Governing the Kingdom 1485 - 1509 > Flashcards

Henry VII: Governing the Kingdom 1485 - 1509 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the function of the King’s council?

A

Advise the king over matters of state, to administer law and order and to act in a judicial capacity.

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2
Q

How many councillors were there across Henry’s reign?

A

227, but there were only 150 at most at one time.

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3
Q

Who was Lord Chancellor under Henry VII?

A

John Morton

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4
Q

Who was Lord Privy Seal under Henry VII?

A

Richard Fox

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5
Q

Who was Lord Treasurer under Henry VII?

A 
John Heron (1492 - 1521)
Sir Thomas Lovell (1485 - 1492)
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6
Q

What was the council learned in law?

A

Formed in 1495, its role was to defend the kings position as a feudal landlord and was responsible for keeping up to date with the wardship, marriage and relief of all the kings tenants, and the collection of feudal dues that were owed to him.

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7
Q

What were bonds and recognisances?

A

They were written agreements in which people promised to perform some specific task in the service of the king. If they failed to carry them out, they were subject to a financial penalty.

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8
Q

Which two of Henry’s strongest supporters were rewarded with estates?

A
  • Jasper Tudor —-> became the most influential nobleman in Wales.
  • John de Vere —-> became the most influential nobleman in Wales.
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9
Q

What was a sheriff?

A

Chief law enforcement officer in a county.

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10
Q

What was a hundred?

A

An administrative subdivision in a county.

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11
Q

What was a petty constable?

A

Assistant law enforcement officer serving under the high constable.

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12
Q

What new roles were the sheriffs given under in the Tudor period?

A
  • Became the crown’s representative in every county.

- Took on greater responsibility for the conduct and management of parliamentary elections.

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13
Q

How often and why were new sheriffs selected?

A

Annually so the crown could exert greater control over local officials.

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14
Q

What was the main weakness of local governments?

A

The king was dependant on the goodwill of his officials.

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15
Q

How many times was parliament summoned throughout Henry’s reign?

A

7, with 5 of them being in the first decade of his reign.

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16
Q

Why did Henry call parliament rarely?

A
  • He didn’t need war taxes often as his foreign policy was based on avoiding foreign campaigns.
  • He didn’t wish to strain the loyalty of his subjects by too many requests for grants of money.
  • He didn’t feel the need to initiate legislation on a large scale.
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17
Q

What examples are there of Henry continuing to use parliament as an institution where the most important business was transacted?

A
  • The number of attainders against individual nobles he requested parliament to pass.
  • The way he used it to ratify his claim to the throne in 1486.
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18
Q

When did parliament meet in 1485-86?

A

07/11/85 - 04/03/86 (3 months)

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19
Q

When did parliament meet in 1487?

A

09/11/87 - 10/12/87 (1 month)

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20
Q

When did parliament meet in 1489?

A

13/01/89 - 23/02/90 (1.5 months)

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21
Q

When did parliament meet in 1491?

A

17/10/91 - 04/11/91 (0.5 months)

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22
Q

When did parliament meet in 1495?

A

14/10/95 - 22/12/95 (2 months)

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23
Q

When did parliament meet in 1497?

A

16/01/97 - 13/03/97 (2months)

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24
Q

When did parliament meet in 1504?

A

25/01/04 - 01/04/04 (2.5 months)

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25
Q

What were Henry’s main financial aims?

A
  • To achieve solvency by increasing royal income.

- Decreasing expenditure —-> restoring the crowns financial strength.

26
Q

How do Henry’s accounts bear witness to the idea that Henry’s estates had fallen into decay?

A

Richard III - Estates earned £25000 per annum.

1486 - Estates earned £12000 per annum.

27
Q

When did Henry begin to restore the chamber to its former position?

A

1487

28
Q

By the late 1490s, how much money was the chamber dealing with per year?

A

< £100000

29
Q

What revenue did the chamber deal with?

A

Those from:

  • Crown Lands
  • Profits of Justice
  • Feudal Dues
  • French Pension
30
Q

What revenues remained under the exchequer and why?

A

Custom Duties and the Accounts of the Sheriffs.

Their collection involved detailed information and complex organisation not available to the treasurer of the chamber.

31
Q

What was the Treasurer of the Chamber?

A

The chief financial official responsible for the King’s money.

32
Q

What was Ordinary Revenue?

A

The regular income on which the crown could rely to finance the costs of the monarchy.

33
Q

What was an Escheat?

A

When a landowner dies without heirs, his lands passed by right to the king.

34
Q

What was the book of rates?

A

An account book recording the rates of tax paid by foreign merchants on goods imported and sold in England.

35
Q

What had the revenue of crown lands been raised to in 1509?

A

1485 - £29000

1509 - £42000

36
Q

What was the act passed in Henry’s first parliament that recovered all property granted away since 1455?

A

Act of Resumption

37
Q

How many times did Henrys update the book of rates

A

Twice

38
Q

What were the types of ordinary Revenue?

A
  • Crown Lands
  • Custom Duties
  • Feudal Dues
  • Profits of Justice
39
Q

What were the types of Extraordinary Revenue?

A
  • Parliamentary Grants
  • Loans and Benevolences
  • Clerical Taxes
  • Feudal Obligations
  • The French Pension
  • Bonds and Recognisances
40
Q

List three times where Henry requested financial assistance from parliament.

A

1487 - Battle of Stoke
1489 - Go to war against the French
1496 - Defend against the Scots and Warbeck

41
Q

What was the French pension?

A

Agreed part of the Treaty of Etaples in 1492, it was paid so that the English army would remove themselves from French soil. It came to an overall total of £159000, to be paid in annual instalments of £5000.

42
Q

How many bonds were collected within the first decade of Henry’s rule?

A

191

43
Q

What were the aims of Henry’s foreign policy?

A
  • Avoid war
  • Secure the Dynasty
  • Make trade agreements
44
Q

When was the Treaty of Redon signed and who was it with?

A

February 1489 with Brittany.

45
Q

What did the Treaty of Redon include?

A

Brittany would pay the cost of sending 6000 men to prevent its annexation with France.

46
Q

When was the Treaty of Etaples signed and who was it with?

A

3rd November 1492 with France.

47
Q

What did the Treaty of Etaples include?

A

The French had to pay a pension and France was not allowed to help Warbeck.

48
Q

When was the Medina del Campo signed and who was it with?

A

March 1489 with Spain.

49
Q

What did the Medina del Campo include?

A

Arthur was to marry Catherine of Aragon and Spain promised not to help any English rebels.

50
Q

When was the Magnus Intercursus signed and who was it with?

A

1496 with Burgundy.

51
Q

What did the Magnus Intercursus include?

A

The basis on which good trading relations were resumed between England and Burgundy.

52
Q

When was the Holy League signed/made and who was it with?

A

1496 with Ferdinand, Maximillian, Venice and Milan.

53
Q

What did the Holy league include?

A

The common aim between countries to attempt to drive Charles out of Italy.

54
Q

When did Henry place a trade embargo on the Netherlands for Philip and Margaret offering Warbeck aid?

A

1493

55
Q

When was the Treaty of Ayton signed and who was it with?

A

1497 with Scotland.

56
Q

What did the Treaty of Ayton include?

A
  • Peace between the two countries (Only after Warbeck was executed.)
  • James was to marry Henry’s eldest daughter Margaret in August 1503.
57
Q

When did Arthur marry Catherine of Aragon?

A

14th November 1501

58
Q

When did prince Arthur die?

A

April 1502, 5 months after his marriage.

59
Q

When did Queen Elizabeth die?

A

February 1503

60
Q

In 1506, who was forced to take shelter at the English court and agreed that they would hand Suffolk over to Henry.

A

Philip of Burgundy.

History - Tudors (2 decks)

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