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EMBRYO BLOCK 4 > The Ear > Flashcards

The Ear Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the ear

A

hearing and balance

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2
Q

what are the 3 parts of the ear

A
  • external ear
  • middle ear
  • internal ear
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3
Q

what makes up the external ear

A
  • auricle
  • pinna
  • external acoustic meatus
  • tympanic membran (ear drum)
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4
Q

what makes the middle ear

A
  • 3 small ossicles

- internal layer of tympanic memb.

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5
Q

what is in the internal ear

A

vestibulocochlear organ

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6
Q

what day do you first see the development of the ear

A

day 22

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7
Q

what does the ear appear as

A

thickening of surface ectoderm (otic placode)

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8
Q

inductive signals from where stimulate the surface ectoderm to form otic placodes

A

paraxial mesoderm and notochord

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9
Q

what is the primordia for the membranous labyrinth

A

otic vesicle

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10
Q

wat are the two parts that otic vesicle form

A
  • utricle part

- saccular part

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11
Q

what arises from the utricular part (dorsal)

A
  • endolymphatic duct
  • utrilce
  • semicircular ducts
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12
Q

cristae ampullares contain cells that do what

A

maintain balance

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13
Q

what grows and coils to form the membranous cochlea ( huge coiled thing)

A

the cochlear duct

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14
Q

what connets the membranous cochlea to the saccule

A

ductus reuniens

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15
Q

what does the spiral organ of corti differintiate from?

A

cells that are in the wall of the cochlear duct

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16
Q

the cochlear duct is surrounded by cartilage shell and during what week does it undergo vaculolization and form two perilymphatic spaces/?

A

week 10

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17
Q

what are the two perilymphatic spaces around the cochlear duct called

A
  • sacala vestibuli

- scala tympani

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18
Q

what are the two ridges that are formed by the cochlear duct

A

inner ridge and outer ridge

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19
Q

what does the outer ridge of the cochlear duct form

A

inner and outer hair cells

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20
Q

what are the sensory cells of the auditory system

A

hair cells

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21
Q

what covers teh inner and outer hair cells

A

tectorial membrane

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22
Q

what is the fibrillar gelatinous substance that rest with its tip on the hair cells

A

the tectorial membrane

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23
Q

what two things make up the organ of Corti

A

hair cells and tectorial membrane

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24
Q

impulses that are recieved by the organ of corti go to the spiral ganglion and then to the nervous system how

A

by the auditory fibers of cranial nerve 8

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25
Q

what does the tubotympanic recess form from

A

the 1st pharyngeal pouch

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26
Q

the proximal part fo the tubotympanic recess forms what

A

the pharyngeotympanic tube ( audiotory tube)

27
Q

what does the distal part of the tubtympanic recess become

A

tympanic cavity

28
Q

the tympanic cavity gradually envelops what

A

the small bones of the middle ear and the auditory ossicles

29
Q

what are the audirtoy ossicles

A

malleus, incus, and stapes

30
Q

what pharyngeal arch do the malleus ad incus come from? the stapes?

A

1st

2nd

31
Q

the middle ear continues to grow through when

A

puberty

32
Q

what muscle attaches to the malleus

A

the tenso tympani

33
Q

what innervates the tensor tympani muscle

A

CN 5

34
Q

what is the stapedius muscle derived from

A

second phayrngeal arch

35
Q

what innervated the stapedius muscle

A

CN 7

36
Q

where does the external acoustic meatus develop from the

A

first pharyngeal groove

37
Q

what is the meatus

A

the passage of the external ear to the tympanic membrane

38
Q

what do the cells that make up the meatal plug degenerate and become

A

the internal part of the external acoustic meatus

39
Q

what is the primordium of the tympanic membrane

A

first pharyngeal membrane

40
Q

what 3 things does the tympanic membrane (ear drum)form from

A
  • ectoderm 1st pharyngeal groove
  • endoderm of tubotympanic recess
  • mesenchyme of the first and second pharyngeal arches
41
Q

pinna?

A

auricle

42
Q

what does the auricle develop from

A

mesenchymal proliferations in the frist and second phayrngela arches (auricular hillocks)

43
Q

lobule?

A

earlobe

44
Q

what is the last part of the auricle to form

A

ear lobe

45
Q

what starts to develop at the neck and then assume their normal position at the side of the head

A

auricles

46
Q

how many auricular hillocks are there

A

6

47
Q

what can be caused y the abnormal development of the membranous and bony labyrinth or by malformaitons of the audiroty ossicles and eardurm

A

congenital deafness

48
Q

what are most types of congenital deafness caused by

A

mutations in the GJB2 gene

49
Q

what infections during week 7-8 can cause the maldeevlopment of the spiral organ and cause deafness

A

rubella

50
Q

minor abnormalities of the auricles can indicate what

A

congenital abnormalities

51
Q

children with trisomony 18 have what kind of auricles

A

low set and abnormal shape

52
Q

what is an anticonvulsant drug that can affect the ear development in a developing embryo

A

trimethadione

53
Q

where are auricular appendages ususally?

A

anterior to the auricle

54
Q

what is the rare but usually associated abnormality related to the 1st pharyngeal arch syndrome. in this case, the mesenchymal cells did not proliferate and form an auricle

A

anotia

55
Q

what is it called when a small or rudimentary auricle results from suppressed mesenchymal prolifereation

A

microtia

56
Q

what is mictrotia usually associated with

A
  • atresia of the external acoustic meatus and middle ear abnormalities
57
Q

what can preauricular sinuses be associated with

A

deafness or kidney malformations

58
Q

what is the abnormality that is related to the defective closure of the 1st pharyngeal groove and abnormal mesenchyal proliferation

A

preauricular sinuses

59
Q

what are the narrow canals that connect the preauricular skin with the tympanic cavity ( tonsilar sinus) and they are realy rare

A

auricular fistulas

60
Q

when there is a blockage of the external acoustic meatus canal it is due to what

A

the failure of the meatal plug to canalize

61
Q

what is it called when there is a normal auricle but there is a failure of the meatal plug to disapear

A

absence of external meatus

62
Q

what is atresia of the external acoustic meatus usally associated with

A

first arch syndrome

63
Q

anomalies of what are present in atresia of the external acoustic meatus

A

middle and inner ear

64
Q

atresia of the external acoustic meatus can be what kind of autosomal inheritence?

A

autosomal dominent

EMBRYO BLOCK 4 (2 decks)

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