the dynamic cell Flashcards
what is the function of a cytoplasm
holds the internal components of cells in place and protects them from damage
what is the function of a nucleus
genetic information is stored in the nucleus as DNA, DNA package in the nucleus as chromosomes, DNA plus histone proteins from chromatin
what is the function of ribosomes
ribosomes are composed of RNA and protein
ribosomes carry out protein synthesis
what is the function of endoplasmic reticulum
smooth ER: no ribosomes
rough ER: associated with nucleus = site of translation of proteins destined for membranes
Processes proteins packaging them into vesicles for the Golgi apparatus
what is the function of the Golgi apparatus
packaging and shipping of cell: molecules come in vesticles, vesicles fuse with Golgi membrane, molecules may be modified by Golgi, vesicles leaves Golgi apparatus, vesicles may combine with plasma membrane to secrete contents
what is the function of mitochondria
mitochondria’s have their own DNA, bound by double membrane, break down organic compounds by aerobic respiration, produces ATP
what is the function of lysosomes
lysosomes contain digestive enzymes and their function Is to aid in cell renewal and break down old cell parts
what are the main functions of the cytoskeleton
- provides cell with certain shape and stability
- equal distribution of chromosomes into each new cell
- can change shape easily
what is the cell theory?
the theory that all cells are made from other cells and the cell is the structure and functional unit of life.
characteristics of all cells
a surrounding membrane
cytoplasm- cell content in thick fluid
organelles
prokaryotic cells
all bacteria are prokaryotes
no membrane bound nucleus
nucleoid - region of DNA concentration
organelles not bound by membranes
eukaryotic cells
include fungi, protists, plants and animal cells
nucleus bound by membrane
possess many organelles
cell compartmentalisation
- all cells posses an outer plasma membrane
- Eukaryotic cells possess a system of internal membranes which set various membrane closed compartments within the cell
- All organelles (little organs) are surrounded by internal
membranes (=compartments). - Prokaryotes (bacteria) consist of only one compartment
containing all the enzymes required for basic functions
what are the components of the cytoplasm
cytoskeleton, cytosol, organelles, storage substances
