Genetic Code, Translation And Protein Biosynthesis

Question 1

What is the central dogma?

Answer 1

The idea that information passes from DNA to RNA to proteins but proteins cannot pass the information back to DNA

Question 2

What is the genetic code?

Answer 2

Nucleotide base sequence on DNA and mRNA by transcription which will be translated into a sequence of amino acids

Question 3

How many amino acids are coded by 3 bases

Answer 3

16 x 4 = 64
4 bases of DNA
4x4=16
16x4=64

Question 4

What are the three characteristics of the genetic code?

Answer 4

• universality , specificity,degeneracy

Question 5

What is universality?

Answer 5

Same code is used in all living organisms

Question 6

What is specificity

Answer 6

Specific codon always code for the same amino acid

Question 7

What is degeneracy?

Answer 7

One amino acid may have more than one codon

Question 8

What is the start codon?

Answer 8

AUG initiates translation

Question 9

What is termination and what are some examples of the codes?

Answer 9

Leads to termination of transcription = UAA,UAG, UGA

Question 10

What is a ribosome made up of ?

Answer 10

Two parts = the small subunit which reads RNA
And large subunit which joins amino acids to form polypeptide chains

Question 11

Describe initiation?

Answer 11

Ribosome gets together with the mRNA and the first tRNA to begin translation

Question 12

Describe elongation?

Answer 12

Amino acids are brought to the ribosome by tRNA and linked to for a chain

Question 13

Describe termination?

Answer 13

The finished polypeptide is released to go do its job in the cell