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Ayurveda Fundamentals > The Doshas and their Subtypes > Flashcards

The Doshas and their Subtypes Flashcards

1
Q

Ayurveda further categorises each dosha into five subtypes (or subdosha), depending upon…

A

their function and location

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2
Q

The different functions of vata relate to their locations within different structures. What is this process called in Ayurveda?

A

Ayurvedic Bio-Morphology

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3
Q

Vata is classified as 5 types:

A
  1. Prana
  2. Udana
  3. Samana
  4. Apana
  5. Vyana
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4
Q

Prana is located in

A

the head and the brain

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5
Q

Udana is located in

A

the throat and diaphragm

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6
Q

Apana is located in

A

the colon

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7
Q

Samana is located in

A

the small intestine and belly button

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8
Q

Vyana is located in

A

the heart

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9
Q 
PRANA 
Governing Element: 
Primary Sites: 
Functions:
Direction:
A 
PRANA 
Governing Element: Ether
Primary Sites: Head Brain
Functions: Purana: to fill the space 
Direction: Downward, Inward
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10
Q 
UDANA
Governing Element: 
Primary Sites: 
Functions:
Direction:
A 
UDANA
Governing Element: Air
Primary Sites: Diaphragm, Throat
Functions: Udvahana: moves upward
Direction: Upward
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11
Q 
SAMANA 
Governing Element: 
Primary Sites: 
Functions:
Direction:
A 
SAMANA
Governing Element: Fire
Primary Sites: Small Intestine, Navel
Functions: Viveka: isolation, seperation, splitting 
Direction: Linear
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12
Q 
APANA
Governing Element: 
Primary Sites: 
Functions:
Direction:
A 
APANA
Governing Element: Earth
Primary Sites: Colon, Pelevic Cavity
Functions :Dharna: Holding 
Direction: Downward, Outward
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13
Q 
VYANA
Governing Element: 
Primary Sites: 
Functions:
Direction:
A 
VYANA
Governing Element: Water
Primary Sites: Heart, Whole Body
Functions: Praspandanam : Pulsation, throbbing 
Direction: Circular, Circulation
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14
Q

Prana explained

A

All sensations are a creation of prana and there is no sensation without prana. When prana is dropped, sensations are stopped. Prana carries stimuli

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15
Q

Apana explained

A

A touch to the skin is carried to the brain by prana and then we react to the touch. When prana reacts in a moto response, it becomes apana. Apana carries motor responses

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16
Q

The Apana present in the nervous system is called

A

Sukshma apana and shakti apana

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17
Q

What are two types of movements?

A

Voluntary and involuntary

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18
Q

What are voluntary movements?

A

Voluntary movement are those under motor contro,such as movements of biceps, triceps, and other skeletal muscles.

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19
Q

What are involuntary movements?

A

For example heartbeat, these movements are under control of the automatic nervous system. There are certain movements that both voluntary and involuntary such as movement of the diaphragm, but these movements are classified as involuntary. A person can control respiration for a short period of time, but beyond that its automatic.

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20
Q

What are five important functions of vata in th body?

A
  1. Purana (to fill the space)
  2. Udvahana (to move upwards)
  3. Viveka (isolation, seperation, splitting)
  4. Dharana (to hold the flow)
  5. Praspandaham (Pulsatio, throbbing)
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21
Q

Pruna meaning

A

means to fill the space, as air fill the vacuum. Purana is associated with prana vayu and fills the spaces of the cells and giverns inspiration.

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22
Q

Udvahana meaning

A

is upward movement, which is udana vayu.

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23
Q

Viveka meaning

A
  • isolation, seperation, splitting and a single cells splits into two
  • Samana vayu is associated with viveka
  • Discrimination between essential and non essential , which one of the processes of digestion samana splits and the foodstuff into essential and non essential for absorbtion in the small intestines and at the cellural level
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24
Q

Dharana meaning

A
  • hold the flow, as when one inhales and holds the breath, and alsoe means circulation and nutrition
  • for example through circulation, vata carries nutrients to the cells and, by osmosis, the cells are nuorishes by vata
  • Associates with apana vayu, which absorbs minerals and thereby governs the nourishment of the body. If the person has a severe diarrhea, the dharana function is lost.
  • Dharana is also neccessary for the tone of the body
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25
Q

Spandanam meaning

Praspandanam meaning

A
  • Spandanam pulsation
  • Praspandanam movement of the body governed by vyana vayu, pulsation
  • when one feels the throb of the pulse, it is because of vyana.
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26
Q

Pakvashaya meaning

A
  • the colon
  • From Ayurvedic point of view, this is the vital site.
  • when vata is aggrevated the person develops consipation and lower backache
  • the person also develops pain in the tights, ringing in the ears, and aches and pains in the bones and joints, as well as tingling and numbness in the skin.
  • Most vata diseases are treated by injecting oil in the rectum, when the colon is lubricated with oil, vata calms down.
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27
Q

Shabdendriya meaning

Sparshendrya meaning

A

Shabdenriya means The auditory pathways
Sparshendrya means the tactile pathways
The ears are constantly open to the air, so one can hear sound through the ears. Similarly the skin is always exposed to the air and we feel touch through the skin.

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28
Q

Functions of VATA

A
  1. All physical movements
  2. Maintenance of life
  3. Communication
  4. Governs the mind, sensory perception,and motor functions, including speach and muscular co- ordination
  5. Movement of thoughts, feelings and nerve impulses
  6. Respiration
  7. Heart function
  8. Circulation
  9. Ingestion
  10. Peristalsis and enzyme secretion
  11. Assimilation and absorbtion
  12. Elimination of urine, feces, sweat
  13. Menstruation, delivery of the baby
  14. Orgasm
  15. Cellular, respiration and division
  16. Hearing
  17. Touch
  18. Clarity
  19. Creativity
  20. Joy
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29
Q

Sites of Vata:

A
  1. Pakvashaya (colon)
  2. Kati (pelvic cavity, waist)
  3. Sakthi (tights)
  4. Murdhni (head)
  5. Asthi (bones)
  6. Strotra (ears (organs of hearing))
  7. Tvak (skin (organ of touch)
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30
Q

The Flow of Prana

A 
Awareness (Motionless Prana)  ->
Perception ->
Sensations ->
Feelings ->
Thoughts ->
Emotions
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31
Q

Where is prana present and how does it move?

A

Prana is present in the head and moves downwards and inward.

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32
Q

What is prana connected with?

A

higher cerebral function

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33
Q

The Cerebrum

A

The cerebrum or cortex is the largest part of the human brain, associated with higher brain function such as thought and action. The cerebral cortex is divided into four sections, called “lobes”: the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe.

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34
Q

Is vayu and vata are the same?

A

Yes

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35
Q

Where is prana vayu located and how does it move?

A

Located in the cranial cavity and it moves in the head.
It also moves down to the throat, heart, trachea, lungs and diaphragm, because of this movement prana is responsible for inhalation.

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36
Q

What union creates prana?

A

Outer cosmic prana and inner prana.

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37
Q

Prana is movement of…

A

mind, thoughts, feelings, emotions, sensation and sensation becomes feelings.

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38
Q

Motionless prana is…

A

Pure Awareness

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39
Q

Indriya and chitta meaning…

A

Indriya means sensation, sense organs and chitta means mind.

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40
Q

What is the thought according to Ayurveda and Modern Medicine?

A

According to modern medicine, thought is a biochemical vehicle but according to Ayurveda, thought is a vibration of prana,

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41
Q

Pranayama

A

Pranayama (breathing pattern) - to go beyond thought is the highest breathing

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42
Q

By controlling prana through pranayama…

A

one controls the choice and desire and hence the mind. In this way, prana becomes manas (mind)

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43
Q

Describe imbalance of pranu vayu:

A
  • Dyspnea
  • Undue awareness of respiration or breathlessness (breathlessness can be physiological and pathological)
  • exercise can produce shortness of breath
  • emotions can produce shortness of breath, such as anger
  • Pregnancy and obesity
  • Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
  • other of symptoms of prana vayu are anxiety, nervousness, fear and anger.
  • Inability to focus and concentrate
  • Stroke, paralysis, grand mal epilepsy, petit mal epilepsy, sleep apnea, tremors or Parkinsons.
  • Respiratory disorders include bronchitis, asthma, and pneumonia, hiccoughs and constant burping.
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44
Q

Dyspnea define

A

Difficult or labored breathing; shortness of breath. Dyspnea is a sign of serious disease of the airway, lungs, or heart. The onset of dyspnea should not be ignored; it is reason to seek medical attention.

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45
Q

Respiration define

A

the action of breathing.

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46
Q

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

is a chronic progressive condition that affects the pumping power of your heart muscles. While often referred to simply as “heart failure,” CHF specifically refers to the stage in which fluid builds up around the heart and causes it to pump inefficiently. You have four heart chambers

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47
Q

grand mal seizure

A

causes a loss of consciousness and violent muscle contractions. It’s the type of seizure most people picture when they think about seizures. A grand mal seizure — also known as a generalized tonic-clonic seizure — is caused by abnormal electrical activity throughout the brain.

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48
Q

petit mal seizure

A

Seizures are temporary changes in brain activity. Doctors categorize and treat different types of epilepsy based on the kind of seizure they cause. Absence seizures, or petit mal seizures, are brief, usually less than 15 seconds, and they have symptoms that may be barely noticeable.

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49
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

According to the principles of Ayurveda, Parkinson’s disease develops because of aggravation of Vata Dosha in the nerves in the brain. Aggravated Vata Dosha can dry up the nerves with adverse affects. The disease usually develops during middle age or old age.

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50
Q

What is Udana vayu?

A

Its upwards moving energy

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51
Q

Where is udana vayu located?

A

It slocated in diagraphm and moves upwards through the lungs, bronchi, trachea and throat.

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52
Q

What the purpose of udana going to the brain?

A

It helps to stimulate the memory.

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53
Q

Udana is the nerve inpulse that takes place at…

A

the solar plexus and tracheal plexus.

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54
Q

solar plexus

A

a complex of ganglia and radiating nerves of the sympathetic system at the pit of the stomach

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55
Q

Udana is repsonsible of speach and expression

A

It governs the movements of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles,and helps the process of exhalation. A person cannot speak without exchalation.

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56
Q

Udana vayu helps oxygenation. How can we tell when oxygenation is good and bad?

A

When Oxygenation is good, the person appears fresh and vital. If there is insufficient oxygen, the person suffers from cyanosis and has a purple color.

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57
Q

Cyanosis

A

is defined as the bluish or purplish discolouration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface having low oxygen saturation.

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58
Q

Why udana vayu is helpful to a person?

A

It helps the person rise from confusion, attachment, and depression.

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59
Q

Which yogasana stimulates udana?

A
  • shoulder stand
  • cobra pose
  • camel pose
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60
Q

What to do if udana is weak?

A

If udana is weak, indulging in actions such as jogging or jumping is like beating a tired horse. Need to stimulate with the following asanas:

  • shoulder stand
  • cobra pose
  • camel pose
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61
Q

What difficulties create vayu disorders?

A
  • creates difficulty of speech, such as stuttering or muttering.
  • It creates lack of memory, lack of creativity, and no sense of goal of direction.
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62
Q

What suppressed udana vayu?

A
  • creates depression and discloration of the skin
  • It can create certain bronchial conditions (hoarseness of voice, asthma, pneumonia and emphysema, as well as blushing and flushing)
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63
Q

Hoarseness

A

Hoarseness is a term referring to abnormal voice changes. Hoarseness may be manifested as a voice that sounds breathy, strained, rough, raspy, or a voice that has higher or lower pitch.

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64
Q

Asthma

A

a respiratory condition marked by attacks of spasm in the bronchi of the lungs, causing difficulty in breathing. It is usually connected to allergic reaction or other forms of hypersensitivity.

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65
Q

Pneumonia

A

is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. Typically symptoms include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and trouble breathing.

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66
Q

Emphysema

A

s a long-term, progressive disease of the lungs that primarily causes shortness of breath due to over-inflation of the alveoli (air sacs in the lung). In people with emphysema, the lung tissue involved in exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) is impaired or destroyed.

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67
Q

Where is the Samana Vayu located?

A

Present in the small intestne and navel.

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68
Q

How does Samana Vayu moves?

A

It moves the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

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69
Q

Duodenum

A

the first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunum

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70
Q

Jejunum

A

the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum.

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71
Q

Ileum

A

the third portion of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the caecum.

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72
Q

What does Samana vayu provides?

A

The Samana vayu provides th stuimulus for the secretion of digestive juices, therefore samana vayu is closely connected with agni (digestive fire).

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73
Q

There are agnis in the liver and samaan vayu provides….

A

the energy to secrete the liver enzymes.

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74
Q

Bile

A

or gall is a dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In humans, bile is produced continuously by the liver (liver bile), and stored and concentrated in the gallbladder (gallbladder bile).

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75
Q

Gallblader

A

The gallbladder is a pear-shaped, hollow structure located under the liver and on the right side of the abdomen. Its primary function is to store and concentrate bile, a yellow-brown digestive enzyme produced by the liver. … It also drains waste products from the liver into the duodenum, a part of the small intestine.

76
Q

Duodenum

A

The duodenum is the first and shortest segment of the small intestine. It receives partially digested food (known as chyme) from the stomach and plays a vital role in the chemical digestion of chyme in preparation for absorption in the small intestine.

77
Q

Explain movements governed by Samana Vayu

A

The biled that secreted from the liver, alog with the liver enzymes, are accumulated in the gallbladder by samana vayu. It constricts the gallbladder and pushes the bile from the gallbladder through the bile duct into the duodenum. All of these movements are governed by samana vayu.

78
Q

What plays important role in hunger?

A

The vayu plays an important role in creating hunger, When one feels hungry, samana is awake. Samana sends a message to prana asking fir food.

79
Q

What happens to to samana vayu when we eat?

A

When one eats, samana vayu stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid and opens the pyloric valve for movement of foodstuff into the duodenum. Samana vayu brings the foodstuff into the cecum, which is called the stomach.

80
Q 
Explain moverments  of: 
Prana
Udana 
Vyana
Samana
A

Prana moves downward, udana moves upward, vyana moves circular, samana moves linear, like peristalsis.

81
Q

Peristalsis

A

the involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wave-like movements which push the contents of the canal forward. Hence, samana vayu giverns digestion, absorbtion, and assimilation.

82
Q

What are disorders of samana vayu?

A

The disorders of samana are loss of apetite, indigestion, increased or decreased peristalsis, bloating, lack of absorbtion and assimilation, and poor digestion. Therefore, a disorder of samana vayu can create malabsorption syndrom.

83
Q

Malabsorption syndrome

A

refers to a number of disorders in which the small intestine can’t absorb enough of certain nutrients and fluids. These nutrients can be macronutrients (proteins, carbohydrates, and fats), micronutrients (vitamins and minerals), or both.

84
Q

Where is Apana vayu present?

A

Apana Vayu is present in the pelvic cavity, in the cecum, ascending colon, rectum, and urinary tract. It also presentin the vagina and cervix of a woman and testicles, prostate, and urethra of man.

85
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

The pelvic cavity is a body cavity that is bounded by the bones of the pelvis. Its oblique roof is the pelvic inlet (the superior opening of the pelvis). Its lower boundary is the pelvic floor. The pelvic cavity primarily contains reproductive organs, the urinary bladder, the pelvic colon, and the rectum

86
Q

Ascending colon

A

The ascending colon is one of the four major regions of the colon, which is itself one of the parts of our large intestine. The ascending colon carries feces from the cecum superiorly along the right side of our abdominal cavity to the transverse colon.

87
Q

Rectum

A

the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus.

88
Q

Urinary tract

A

the series of channels by which the urine passes from the renal pelvis out of the body.

89
Q

How does Apana Vayu move?

A

It moves downward and outward, It regulates the function of the kidneys. The urine is filtered in the kidneys and drop by drop its brought down to the bladder. It also stimulates menstruation, defecation, and flatulence.

90
Q

Defecation

A

the discharge of faeces from the body.

91
Q

Flatulence

A

the accumulation of gas in the alimentary canal

92
Q

Lumbar spine

A

The lumbar spine refers to the lower back, where the spine curves inward toward the abdomen. It starts about five or six inches below the shoulder blades, and connects with the thoracic spine at the top and extends downward to the sacral spine.

93
Q

Explain how Apana Vayu functions

A

Apana is motor function working with different segments of the lumbosacral spine. From the lumbosacral spine the message is carried to the bladder to evacuate urine, to the rectum evaluate feces, to the womb to produce menstruation or delivery of the child. In addition, apana vayu regulates the movement of the sciatis nerve and the lower part of the body. It is also resposnible for movement of the sperm in a man and a desire to make love to a woman.

94
Q

What happens to Apana Vayu during the intercourse?

A

During intercourse, apana of the man and woman merge together and bring the meeting of the sperm and ovum. Apana is resposnible for conception. If apana vayu is weak conception is not possible. If apana is weak, a woman acumulates fat in the tights.

95
Q

What are apana vayu disorders?

A

Apana vayu disroders include constipation or diarrhea, retention of urine or polyuria

96
Q

Polyuria

A

Polyuria is usually the result of drinking excessive amounts of fluids (polydipsia), particularly water and fluids that contain caffeine or alcohol. It is also one of the major signs of diabetes mellitus. When the kidneys filter blood to make urine, they reabsorb all of the sugar, returning it to the bloodstream.

97
Q

What is the main function of Vyana Vayu?

A

The main function of vyana vayu is to maintain cardiac activity, circulation
, nutrition and oxygenation of cell tissues and organ systems.

98
Q

Where is Vyana vayu present?

A

Vyana vayu present in the heart and maintains the curculation of arterial blood, venous blood, and lymphatic circulation

99
Q

What does vyana vayu effects?

A

Vyana is very string vayu and affects all reflex actions including the corneal reflext, giverned bu its energy. It is resposnible for the movement of the joints and skeletal muscles through the reflex arc. Tthe reflex arc goes only to the spinal cord and not to the brain, and the spinal cord will answer these reflexes.

100
Q

What are Vyana vayu disroders?

A
  • Poor circulation
  • sudden lck of oxygenation, which is called ischemia, which is lack of oxygen supply to the organs.
  • When coronary arteries are clogged, a person may get an ischemic heart disease.
  • if carotid arteries are clogged, a person may develop ischemic conditions of the brain.
  • When a person suffers a heart attack, blood supply to the hart is blocked, and the heart muscle dies, causeing the heart to stop beating, in teh same way the heart attack to the brain is called stroke paralysis.
  • Edema, or stagnation of blood in the lower extremities, is ansother condition caused by poor circulation.
  • When vyana is affected the prana is affected too, becauses these two vayus have functional integrity.
101
Q

What is the origin of the word pitta and whar does it mean?

A

In Sanskrit word pitta comes from word tapa. Tapa means to become hot, heat. It also means austerity and concentration. It means energy and creates heat in the body.

102
Q

What is Pitta combination? what qualities does it have?

A

Pitta combination is Fire and Water.
The qualities of pitta are hot, sharp, light, liquid , spreading, oily, and sour. Lastly, pitta has fleshy smell and is pungent and bitter to the taste.

103
Q

What does Amashaya means?

A

Stomach

104
Q

Spleen define

A

Structually, the spleen is the large lymphoid tissue, hence it is reated to kapha. However its also a reservoir off blood and therefore related to pitta functionally, and to rata vaha srotas.

105
Q

Explain how Amashaya relates to doshas

A

The upper part of the somach (the less curvature) is related to kapha, where more mucus is present. But lower part of the smotach (the greater curvature) is related to pitta. Pitta is present in the stomach , small intestine, and in the blood, as well as the liver, gallbladde and spleen. The most important site of pitta for therapeutic pursposes is small intestine

106
Q

Pitta present in human body

A

Pitaa is present in the eyes, sweat, sebaceous secretaions and thegrey matter of the brain.

107
Q

Functions of Pitta:

A
  • Governs bodily metabolism
  • Digestion, absorbtion, assimilaton of food
  • Mainteance of body temperature
  • Appetite
  • Thirst
  • Taste
  • Color
  • Luster of eyes, hair, skin, body
  • Intellignece, understanding, comprehension, knowledge
  • Courage
  • Ambition
  • Transformation
  • Visual perceotion
108
Q

What are 5 sub types of Pitta?

A
  1. Pachaka
  2. Ranjaka
  3. Sadhaka
  4. Alochaka
  5. Bhrajaka
109
Q

PACHAKA
Governing elements:
Primary Sites:
Functions:

A

Governing elements: Fire
Primary Sites: Small Intestine, Stomach
Functions: Digestion, absorption and assimilation of foods

110
Q

RANJAKA
Governing Elements
Primary Sites
Functions:

A

Governing Element: Water
Primary Sites: Liver, Spleen, Intrinsic, Factor in stomach
Functions: Produces bile, liver enzymes, gives colour to blood

111
Q

SADHAKA
Governing Elements
Primary Sites
Functions:

A

Governing Elements: Ether
Primary Sites: Brain (grey matter), heart
Functions: Conscious thinking and emotions, comprehensio

112
Q

ALOCHAKA

Governing Elements
Primary Sites
Functions

A

Governing Elements: Air
Primary Sites: Eyes
Functions: Maintain iris color, visual perception

113
Q

BHRAJAKA

Governing Elements
Primary Sites
Functions

A

Governing Element: Earth
Primary Function: Skin
Functions: Maintains skin color, texture and temperature, stereognosis

114
Q

Stereognosis

A

the mental perception of depth or three-dimensionality by the senses, usually in reference to the ability to perceive the form of solid objects by touch.

115
Q

What is Pachaka Pitta?

A

The pitta present in the stomach and and small intestine is called pachaka pitta.

116
Q

Pachaka in Sanskrit means..

A

word’s root patch means to digest, absorb, and assimilate.

117
Q

What happens when the gastric fire in the stomach is high?

A

There is more secretion of hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, the stomach becomes grouchy and creates sensation of hunger.

118
Q

Hydrochloric acid define

A

Hydrochloric acid is a chemical compound. It is a solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas that is dissolved in water. In the past, people called it muriatic acid. It is widely used in industry, and it is also made by the stomach to help digest food. Hydrochloric acid, like all acids, react with bases to produce salts (chlorides).

119
Q

Digestive enzymes

A

The enzymes involved in respiration, photosynthesis and protein synthesis work inside cells. Other enzymes are produced by specialised cells and released from them. The digestive enzymes are like this. They pass out into the gut, where they catalyse the breakdown of food molecules.

120
Q

What is Jathara agni is composed of?

A

Pachaka pitta
Prana vayu
Samana Vayu
Kledaka Kapha

121
Q

Describe 3 parts of the small intestine

A

Upper part -> duodenum
Middle part -> jejunum
Lower part -> ileum

122
Q

Villi

A

Villi are specialised for absorption in the small intestine as they have a thin wall, one cell thick, which enables a shorter diffusion path. They have a large surface area so there will be more efficient absorption of fatty acids and glycerol into the blood stream

123
Q

Ahara Rasa

A

The end products of digested foodstuff are absorbed through the small capillaries, then enter the blood vessels and sent to the general circulation. This transformation is called ahara rasa. Ahara means food and rasa means juice. Ahara rasa is chyle, the nutrient precursor or primordial foodstuff,

124
Q

Disorders of pachaka pitta

A

May cause:

  • hyperacidity
  • hypoglycaemia
  • craving of sugar
  • gastritis
  • peptic ulcer
  • indigestion
  • anorexia
  • dyspepsia
125
Q

Where is Ranjaka Pitta mainly present?

A

Liver and spleen, also in the stomach as intrinsic factor

126
Q

What does Ranjaka means in Sanskrit?

A

It means to give colour

127
Q

Ranjaka pitta in the liver gives the colour to…

A

all the tissues.. Skn colour, hair colour, colour of the eyes

128
Q

What is Ranjaka pitta responsible for?

A

Erythgenesis, the creation of red blood cells in the bone marrow, which are mixed with rasa dhatu, the plasma. Thus ranjaka pitta is reponsibe for giving colour to the blood

129
Q

What is the function of ranjaka pitta in the liver?

A

Liver is the complex biochemical lab and a vital organ in the body. A person can live without the spleen, without kidney or lung, nobody can live without the liver.
The function of ranjaka pitta in the liver is the disintegration of hemoglobin, which produces heme and globin, Form heme, bile is produced, and that bile is ranjaka pitta. Its job is to give color to the urine, feces and sweat.

130
Q

Intrinsic factor

A

Intrinsic factor (IF), also known as gastric intrinsic factor (GIF), is a glycoprotein produced by the parietal cells of the stomach. It is necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 later on in the ileum of the small intestine. In humans, the gastric intrinsic factor protein is encoded by the GIF gene.

131
Q

Ranjaka pitta and stomach

A

Ranjaka Pitta in the stomach is intrinsic factor, which is responsible for the production of blood in the bone marrow. Ranjaka pitta in the spleen kills bacteria and parasites as well as produces some white blood cells ( rasa dhatu), so its jobs is more protective.

132
Q

Explain the functional integrity between the liver, stomach, spleen , and bone marrow.

A

If the function of the liver is affected -> the bone marrow will be affected too
If the function of the stomach is affected -> it will affect the liver
If the spleen is affected -> the liver will be affected too

133
Q

Explain functional integrity between spleen and liver

A

the job of spleen is to filter the blood and send heavy, unwanted, old red blood cells to the liver.

The liver destroys them and separates the hemoglobin from the the blood

Then the liver utilizes the hemoglobin that is liberation for the production of bile salts, pigment and enzymes. Therefore when the spleen is enlarged the liver may also enlarge and vice versa.

134
Q

The Sanskrit word for liver

A

Yakrut (Ya means circulation, krut means action)

135
Q

The function of liver in the body

A

The liver has an important function in digestion of fat and synthesis of proteins through the action of amno acids. It also helps to circulate ranjaka pitta through the hematopoietic system.

136
Q

How B12 enters to the blood and general circulation?

A

Blood cells are created in the bone marrow but the intristic factor - one of the components of the stomach’s digestive juice - enables vitamin B12 to enter the blood and general circulation, and go to the blood marrow. There the ranjaka pitta from the stomach (the intrinstic factor and vitamin B12) stimulates erythrogenesis, the creation of blood cells. The building material of the bone marrow is kapha, but the functional aspect of the production of red blood cells in pitta, goverened by rakta gani and ranjaka pitta

137
Q

Anemia

A

Anemia is a condition that develops when your blood lacks enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a main part of red blood cells and binds oxygen. If you have too few or abnormal red blood cells, or your hemoglobin is abnormal or low, the cells in your body will not get enough oxygen.

138
Q

Why anemia often experienced by somoene whos stomach is partially removes?

A

When a person undergoes surgery in which part of the stomach is removed, that person often experiences anemia. According to Ayurveda, ranjaka pitta is secreted from the lesser curvature of the stomach. This part of the stomach is the acid bearing area, which secretes hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor. If the lesser curvature is cut and directly joined to the duodenum, an important portion of the stomach is gone. That person may secrete sufficient intrinstic factor, which then affects the production of red blood cells, and the result is anemia.

139
Q

Why all emotions needs to be processed and metabolised?

A

Yakrut is an important seat of fire - the seat of anger, hate, envy,, and jealousy. All these emotions neds to be processed and metabolized.
Paying total attention to a feeling or emotion allows agni of the liver to release it. The anger, fear, or anxiety can then leave with awareness and maturity. Repressed , unmatebolised emotions can create stress in the organs. These emotions want to come out but if we supress them, they accumulate in the tissues and lead ti disease. Ayurveda does not seperate emotions from the organs. We cannot seperate the body from mind and mind from consciousness.

140
Q

Bhuta meaning

A

Bhuta means element or that manifests as matter.

141
Q

List 5 basic element or Bhutas

A

Ether Air Fire Water and Earth

142
Q

Bhuta agni in the liver

A

According to Ayurveda, the agni (fire component) of the liver includes bhuta agni, which corresponds on the physical level to the liver enzymes. The flame of jathara agni goes into the liver and manifests as the gani of these five elements. Whatever food we eat is composed of the five elements. The job of bhuta agni is to transform the elements of ingested into a form the body can use.

143
Q

What are five bhuta agni, list them.

A
  1. Nabhasa agni (ethereal fire) 2. Vayavya agni (the airy fire) 3. tejo agni (the fiery fire) 4.Apo agni (the watery fire) 5. Parthiva agni (the earth or mineral fire)
144
Q

What different fire components manifest as?

A

These different fire components manifests as specialised enzymes that govern the transformation of unprocessed elements of food into the processed elements of the seven dhatus (tissues)

145
Q

Ranjaka Agni

A

thermodynamic energy of ranjaka pitta, present in the liver, spleen and stomach. It is the fire component released from the disintegrated red blood cells, and it governs the transformation of rasa into rakta dhatu.

146
Q

List disorders of Ranjaka Pitta

A

Hepatitis
Anemia
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Mononucleosis

147
Q

What Happens when Kapha disturbs Ranjaka Pitta?

A

If Kapha disturbs Ranjaka Pitta, the person ma develop gallstones. If Kapha is longstanding and lingers in the liver, person might develop high cholesterol, fatty degeneration of the liver, or steatorrhea (fatty diarrhoea)

148
Q

Sclera

A

the white outer layer of the eyeball. At the front of the eye it is continuous with the cornea.

149
Q

Explain what causes discoloration of sclera and photophobia?

A

Ranajaka Pitta ad alochaka pitta - aggrevation of both might affect your visual disturbance.
Liver and eyes are linked together, if liver is toxic then your vision will be affected.

150
Q

Sadhaka Pitta

A
  • present in the grey matter f the brain as certain neautrotransmitters, and in the heart as part of the cardiac plexus or the heard chakra
  • resposnible for knowledge, cooprehension, and appreciation
  • transforms sensation into feelings and emotions
  • It creates a feeling of I am (that is ego)
151
Q

Is ego bad in vedic philosophy

?

A

In vedic philosophy the ego is not a bad thing. A person must have self confidence, self esteem, and that self esteemis called ego, ahamkara. Self esteem is essential for survival and growth.

152
Q

Which dosha subtypes are important for the brain?

A

Prana vayu, sadhaka pitta and tarpaka kapha are important in brain function.

153
Q

What is the name of the sensitive film of white matter over the brain?

A

Its called tarpaka kapha

154
Q

Within tarpaka kapha every visual, olfactory, and tactile experience is recorded and this recording is done by…

A

prana

155
Q

What is the name of the ink that is used to record experiences within kapha tarpaka?

A

Its called sadhaka pitta

156
Q

The function of sadhaka pitta

A
  • transforms physical sounds into nerve impulse
  • carried to the center of herang where all sounds are digested, transformed and translated into meaning
  • Meaning is feeling
    for example word LOVE creates certain feeling in ones heart, love cannot be described but pure essence of love can be felt, if you say that anything that cannot be desribed does not exsist, that means you have lost the feeling. Feeling is called ESP - extrasensory perception.
    Sadhaka pitta, which is presnt in the brain cells as a specialised neauro - chemical substance, creates ESP, the important sixth sense.
157
Q

Importants of Prana in Ayurveda

A
  • prana is flow of awarness

- flow of intelligence is neauro - electricity that is moving through the nerves and delivering a message.

158
Q

Alochaka Pitta

A

Alochaka pitta is present in the eye and governs the luster , color and translucence of the eye. It is present in the cornea to maintain color and in the lens to maintain transference. It is also present in the vitereous humor and in the cone and rod cells.

159
Q

Why alochaka pitta is neccessary for optical perception?

A

It maintains the temperature of the eyeball, the color of the iris, color vision, and vision of the light.

160
Q

Alochaka pitta meets sadhaka pitta in…

A

buddhi, where interpretation of visual perception takes place, this meeting point is in the occipital cortex, the posterior (back) portion of the head.

161
Q

Alochaka pitta is also associated with emotions

A

Different emotions bring a different chemistry to the tears.

  1. Tears of joy and love - are sweet, scanty, and cool, and more from lateral outer side of the eye
  2. Tears of anger come from the center of the eye and are sour to the taste, and hot.
  3. Tears of frustration, grief, sadness, and fear come from the medical (inner) side and arebitter and astrigent to the taste.
162
Q

What disorders can be caused by Alochaka pitta?

A
  • can create changes in the eyes, leading to shortsightednes or farsightedness
163
Q

Your eyes have capacity see the truth..

A

When you look without judgement, without interference of thought and minde, the eyes become the windows of God and we can perceive the truth. If your throught and mind interfere, then you receive reality, because the reality is a product of your mind.We need sensitive alochaka pitta that can perceive the truth of reality, the truth of actuality. When you perceive the truth, there is love, compassin, and pure awarness.

164
Q

Bhrajaka Pitta

A

the skin is the main site of bhraja pitta, this pitta keeps the skin warm and is responsible for normal complexion and luster. It also helps in the processing of oils, pastes, and medications applied externally to the skin. The skin is a gate or door that is kept functional by bhrajaka pitta.

165
Q

Abnormal bhrajaka pitta may result..

A

in skin conditions such as exzema, dermatitis, acne and anestesia

166
Q

Another name for kapha is

A

shleshma

167
Q

What are qualities of kapha?

A 
heavy 
slow/dull
cold
oily 
liquid
slimy/smooth
dense
soft
static
sticky
cloudy
hard
gross
168
Q

What tastes increased kapha?

A

predominantly sweet and salty tastes increase kapha

169
Q

Sites of kapha

A 
Lungs
stomach
pancreas
white matter of the brain 
cerebrospinal fluid
plasma
joints
sinuses
nose (organ of smell)
tongue (organ of taste)
170
Q

Lungs

A

Phuphusa

171
Q

Stomach

A

Amashaya

172
Q

Pancreas

A

Kloma

173
Q

White matter of the brain

A

shira

174
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid

A

shushumna jala

175
Q

Plasma

A

Rasa

176
Q

Joints

A

Sandhi

177
Q

Sinuses

A

Gandha

178
Q

Nose (organ of smell)

A

nasa

179
Q

Tongue (organ of taste)

A

Jihva

180
Q

If Kapha is depleted by pitta or vata

A

then kapha undergoes emaciation due to h[ermetabolic effects of excess pitta or the catabolic action of excess vata. If kapha accumulates to create a compact mass, it may create a tumor such as lymphoma, myoma, osteoma, or fibrocystic changes in the breasts. Things stick togethe and accumulate together because of the kapha.

181
Q

Functions of Kapha

A 
Lubrication 
Nourishment 
Support and stability
Groundedness
Growth 
Gaseous exchange in lungs
Gastric secretion (liquid medium)
Water electrolyte balance 
Fat reguation 
Strenght and stamina 
Enegry 
Sleep 
Repair and regeneration 
Memory retention
Contentment 
Forgivness 
Compassion 
Taste perception 
Oldfactory perfecption (smell)
182
Q

What are kapha subtypes?

A 
Kledaka
Avalambaka
Bodhaka
Tarpaka
Shleshaka
183
Q

Kapha subtype Kledaka
Governing element:
Primary Sites:
Functions:

A

Kapha subtype Kledaka
Governing element: Fire
Primary Sites: Stomach, Gastrointestinal tract
Functions: Gastric secretion, digestion and absorption, nourishes rasa

184
Q

Kapha subtype Avalambaka
Governing element:
Primary Sites:
Functions:

A

Kapha subtype Avalambaka
Governing element: Air
Primary Sites: Lungs, Pleural Cavity , Heart, Respiratory tract, spine
Functions: Supports, holds emotions, supports all kapha systems.

185
Q

Kapha subtype Bodhaka
Governing element:
Primary Sites:
Functions:

A

Kapha subtype Bodhaka
Governing element: Water
Primary Sites: Oral cavity
Functions: Salivary secretions, taste, swallowing, speech

186
Q

Kapha subtype Tarpaka
Governing element:
Primary Sites:
Functions:

A

Kapha subtype Tarpaka
Governing element: Ether
Primary Sites: Brain (white matter), myelin sheath, cerebrospinal fluid
Functions: Subconscious thinking and emotions,memory

187
Q

Kapha subtype Shleshaka
Governing element:
Primary Sites:
Functions:

A

Kapha subtype Shleshaka
Governing element: Earth
Primary Sites: Joints
Functions: Lubricates joints (synovial fluid), nourishes bones

Ayurveda Fundamentals (6 decks)

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