The Diversity Of Life Flashcards
What is life
Life is defined as something that is living, if you are dead then life is not there
What are the earliest fossil cells
Indisputably fossil cells - 750 million year old fossil cells
Apex chert in western Australia - 3.4 billion year old
Cells appear to have evolved on earth by 3.4 billion years ago, 1 billion years after the origin of the planet
What is used to measure cells and organelles
Micrometers
What are used to measure internal structures of cells and organelles
Nanometer
To change nanometers to micrometers you divide it by 1000
What is facts about the biomass distribution on earth
There is more carbon in the livestock than humans
And most of the world is covered in plants
How did we get from tiny fossil cells to today’s biosphere and explain the way.
Evolution.
When you have Organisms that vary, pass on their characteristics and survive different you get evolution
This is the key issue in the origin of life, how information that codes for life functions can be copied and passed on
What is required for natural selection
Variation- individuals in a population vary from one another
Inheritance - parents pass on their traits to their offspring genetically
Selection- some variants reproduce more than others
Time- successful variations accumulate over many generations
Phenotype is also a really important aspect of natural selection
What are the 3 origins of life
Bacteria
Eukarya
Archaea
What is endosymbiosis
This theory states that two key organelles two key organelles in eukaryotes are derived from bacteria.
Mitochondria are derived from proteobacteria, and chloroplasts from cyanobacteria.
These bacteria were engulfed by the ancestors of eukaryotes and tamed.
This happened twice, first for mitochondria, and then for chloroplasts.
The definition is that Endosymbiosis is a term used to describe two organisms living together with one inside the other
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles (such as the nucleus and mitochondria), while prokaryotic cells do not. DNA in eukaryotic cells is found inside the nucleus, while DNA in prokaryotic cells is located in the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells are generally larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells
