The disease Process Flashcards
Pathophysiology
Is the bodily processes associated with disease or injuries
Associated symptoms
Symptoms associated with a certain disease
Pertient Negatives
Symtoms the person doesnt have
For a illness to be consider as _________ it has to be occuring for 3 months or longer
Chronic
If the illness has occured for less than 3 months then its ________
Acute
Comorbidities
Patient having two chronic illness at the same time
What are the 4 major chronic illnesses?
- Hypertension (HTN)
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Coronary atery diasease
- Hyperlipidemia
What are some risk factors of of Hypertension?
Family History, Obesity, high sodium diet, or smoking
What are the chief complaints of hypertension?
Its often asymptomatic but can have headache, chest pain, blurred vision, epistaxis (usually present when hypertension affect other organs)
Hypertension can also cause __________
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
In the physical exam what would be signs of hypertension?
Lower extremity edema, carotid bruit, JVD, abnormal heart sounds
What are ways to diagnosis hypertension?
BP check & monitoring with sphygmomanometer
What is the common symptoms of hypertension?
Headaches
The majority of diabetes patient are what type?
Type 2
What are the symptoms of diabetes?
Frequent thrist & frequent urination, poor healing & blurred vision
Chronic diabetes can cause _________
Neuropathy
Neuropathy
Can cause burning pain in the extremities & numbness / tingling sensation known as paresthesia
What are ways to diagnosis dibaetes?
By measuring the glucose levles in your blood
What are risk factors that can led to hyperlipidemia?
Obesity, high lipid diet, physical inactivity, FHx, & DM
What are ways to diagnosis hyperlipidemia?
Bloodwork measuring cholesterol & triglyceride levels- elevated LDL (low density lipoprotein(bad cholesterol))
(HDL high density lipoprotein (good cholesterol))
However its mostly tested by checking the cholesterol level in the blood through a fasting period
What are some risk factors that can lead to coronary artery disease?(CAD)
Other comorbidities like HTN, DM & HLD, cigarette smoking, obesity, lack of physical activity, FHx of CAD
Sysptoms of coronary artery disease
Major one is chest pains
How is coronary artery diagnosed?
By a procedure called cardiac catheterization & treatments involves meds, lifestyle changes, better diet, & regular excerise
What are the symptoms of strep Pharyngitis (Strep throat)
Fever, soreness of throat/ redness of throat
What are symptoms of oitis media (Ear infection)
Redness, inflammation, or fluid build up in the ears
What is musculoskeletal system ?
Back Pain
How can you treat bulging disc & degenerative disc disease (DDD)
Medication or surgery
What are exremities
Refers to the outer part of our body (like arms & legs)
What is Dysuria
Painful urination
What are symptoms of UTI?
Burning when urination (Dysuria)
How is a UTI treated?
Antiboitics usually
Pyelonephritis
When the bacteria from the UTI travels up to the kidney & infect it
What are the symptoms of ectopic pregnacy?
Vaginal bleeding, abdominal or pelvic pain
What is ectopic pregnacy?
When the eggs are attached outside of the uterus in the fallopian tube
What are torsions
When the ovaries or tesciles become twisted cutting off blood supply
What is cellulitis
The cells of the skin become infected casuing redness, inflamed, warmth & pain
Induration
Firm quality to the skin that caused by the underlying inflammation from the infection (antiobiotics are used to treat it)
Abscess
Is a bacterial infection of the skin with underlying puss which is usually surrounded by redness, warmth, & induction due to the inflammation
It is also fluctuant where there is pulpable fluid collection that is likely pus
How is abscesses treated?
Treated with antibiotics, popping & draining it by a procedure called incosion & drainage (I&D)
Rash
Most common skin ailments & can be caused by chronic conditions, contact with irritants, insect bites & infections
Histamines
What usually causes allergic reaction in our body
Antihistamines
Tries to calm the body down from histamines