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The Digestive System (Chapter 12) > The Digestive System: Supplementary Terms > Flashcards

The Digestive System: Supplementary Terms Flashcards

1
Q

cardia

A

the part of the stomach near the esophagus, named for its closeness to the heart

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2
Q

chyme

A

the semiliquid partially digested food that moves from the stomach into the small intestine

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3
Q

defecation

A

the evacuation of feces from the rectum

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4
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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5
Q

duodenal bulb

A

the part of the duodenum near the pylorus; the first bend (flexure) of the duodenum

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6
Q

duodenal papilla

A

the raised area where the common bile duct and pancreatic duct ender the duodenum; papilla of Vater

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7
Q

greater omentum

A

a fold of the peritoneum that extends from the stomach over the abdominal region

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8
Q

hepatic fleuxure

A

the right bend of the colon, forming the junction between the ascending colon and the transverse colon

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9
Q

ileocecal valve

A

a valve-like structure between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine

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10
Q

mesentery

A

the portion of the peritoneum that folds over and supports the intestine

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11
Q

mesocolon

A

the portion of the peritoneum that folds over and supports the colon

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12
Q

rugae

A

the large folds in the stomach’s lining seen when the stomach is empty

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13
Q

sphincter of Oddi

A

the muscular ring at the opening of the common bile duct into the duodenum

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14
Q

splenic flexure

A

the left bend of the colon, forming the junction between the transverse colon and the descending colon

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15
Q

achalasia

A

failure of smooth muscle to relax, especially the lower esophageal sphincter, so that food is retained in the esophagus

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16
Q

achlorhydria

A

lack of hydrochloric acid in the stomach; opposite is hyperchlorhydria

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17
Q

anorexia

A

loss of appetite. Anorexia nervosa is a psychologically induced refusal or inability to eat

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18
Q

aphagia

A

inability to swallow or difficulty in swallowing; refusal or inability to eat

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19
Q

aphthous ulcer

A

an ulcer in a mucous membrane, as in the mouth

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20
Q

bruxism

A

clenching and grinding of the teeth, usually in deep sleep

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21
Q

bulimia

A

excessive, insatiable appetite. A disorder characterized by overeating followed by induced vomiting, diarrhea, or fasting

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22
Q

cachexia

A

profound ill health, malnutrition, and wasting

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23
Q

cheilosis

A

cracking at the corners of the mouth, often caused by B vitamin deficiency

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24
Q

cholestasis

A

stoppage of bile flow

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25
Q

constipation

A

infrequency or difficulty in defecation and the passage of hard, dry feces

26
Q

dyspepsia

A

poor or painful digestion

27
Q

eructation

A

belching

28
Q

familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)

A

a heredity condition in which multiple polyps form in the colon and rectum, predisposing to colorectal cancer

29
Q

flatulence

A

condition of having gas or air in the GI tract

30
Q

flatus

A

gas or air in the GI tract; gas or air expelled through the anus

31
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood

32
Q

IBS

A

irritable bowel syndrome : a chronic stress-related disease characterized by diarrhea, constipation, and pain associated with rhythmic intestinal contractions. Mucous colitis; spastic colon

33
Q

megacolon

A

an extremely dilated colon. Usually congenital but may occur acute ulcerative colitis

34
Q

melena

A

black tarry feces resulting from blood in the intestines. Common in newborns. May also be a sign of GI bleeding

35
Q

obstipation

A

extreme constipation

36
Q

pernicious anemia

A

a form of anemia caused by the stomach

s failure to secrete intrinsic factor, a substance needed for the absorption of vitamin B12

37
Q

pilonidal cyst

A

a dermal cyst in the sacral region, usually at the top of the cleft between the buttocks. May become infected and begin to drain

38
Q

thrush

A

fungal infection of the mouth or throat caused by Candida; appears as mucosal white patches or ulcers

39
Q

Vincent disease

A

severe gingivitis with necrosis associated with the bacterium Treponema Vincentii ; necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis; trench mouth

40
Q

appendectomy

A

surgical removal of the appendix

41
Q

briatrics

A

the branch of medicine concerned with prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases

42
Q

bariatric surgery

A

surgery to reduce the size of the stomach and reduce nutrient absorption in the treatment of morbid obesity. Most common: gastric bypass surgery, which involved division of the stomach and anastomosis of its upper part to the small intestine (jejunum). Other methods: gastric stapling, partitioning of the stomach with rows of staples and gastric binding, which involves a laparoscopic placement of an adjustable loop (Lap-band) that reduces stomach capacity

43
Q

Billroth operations

A

Gastrectomy with anastomosis of the stomach to the duodenum (Billroth I) or to the jejunum (Billroth II)

44
Q

gavage

A

process of feeding through a nasogastric tube into the stomach

45
Q

lavage

A

washing out of a cavity; irrigation

46
Q

manometry

A

measurement of pressure; pertaining to the GI tract, measurement of pressure in the portal system as a sign of obstruction

47
Q

Murphy sign

A

inability to take a deep breath when fingers are pressed firmly below the RT arch of the ribs (below the liver). Signifies gallbladder disease

48
Q

NG tube

A

nasogastric tube: tube that is passed through the nose into the stomach. May be used for emptying the stomach, administering medication, giving liquids, or sampling stomach contents

49
Q

parenteral hyperalimentation

A

complete intravenous feeding for one who cannot take in food. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

50
Q

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube

A

tube inserted into the stomach for long -term feeding

51
Q

vagotomy

A

interruption of vagal nerve impulses to reduce stomach secretions in the treatment of a gastric ulcer. Originally done surgically but may also be done with drugs

52
Q

antacid

A

agent that counteracts acidity, usually gastric acidity

53
Q

antidiarrheal

A

drug that treats or prevents diarrhea by reducing intestinal motility or absorbing irritants and soothing the intestinal lining

54
Q

antiemetic

A

agent that prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting

55
Q

antiflatulent

A

agent that relieves or prevents flatulence

56
Q

antispasmodic

A

agent that relieves spasms, usually of smooth muscle

57
Q

emetic

A

an agent that causes vomiting

58
Q

histamine H2 antagonist

A

drug that decreases secretion of stomach acid by interfering with action of histamine at H2 receptors. Used to treat ulcers and other GI problems. H2 - receptor- blocking agent.

59
Q

laxative

A

agent that promotes elimination from the large intestine. Types include stimulants, substances that retain water (hyperosmotics), stool softeners, and bulk- forming agents.

60
Q

proton pump inhibitor (PPI)

A

agent that inhibits gastric acid by blocking the transport of hydrogen ions (protons) into the stomach

61
Q

bolus

A

a mass, such as the rounded mass of food that is swallowed

The Digestive System (Chapter 12) (3 decks)

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