The Digestive System and Body Metabolism 6

Question 1

Produces a wide spectrum of digestive enzymes that break down all categories of food

Answer 1

pancreas

Question 2

Enzymes are secreted into the

Answer 2

doudenum

Question 3

Endocrine products of pancreas

Answer 3

Insulin
Glucagons

Question 4

Largest gland in the body
Located on the right side of the body under the diaphragm

Answer 4

liver

Question 5

Consists of four lobes suspended from the diaphragm and abdominal wall by the falciform ligament
Connected to the gall bladder via the common hepatic duct

Answer 5

liver

Question 6

Produced by cells in the liver

Answer 6

bile

Question 7

compositions of bile

Answer 7

Bile salts
Bile pigment (mostly bilirubin from the breakdown of hemoglobin)
Cholesterol
Phospholipids
Electrolytes

Question 8

Role of the Liver in Metabolism

Answer 8

Detoxifies drugs and alcohol
Degrades hormones
Produce cholesterol, blood proteins (albumin and clotting proteins)
Plays a central role in metabolism

Question 9

Sac found in hollow fossa of liver
Stores bile from the liver by way of the cystic duct

Answer 9

gall bladder

Question 10

can cause blockages

Answer 10

gallstones

Question 11

Processes of the Digestive System

Answer 11

ingestion
propulsion
mechanical or physical digestion
chemical digestion
absorption
defecation

Question 12

getting food into the mouth

Answer 12

ingestion

Question 13

moving foods from one region of the digestive system to another

Answer 13

propulsion

Question 14

alternating waves of contraction

Answer 14

peristalsis

Question 15

moving materials back and forth to aid in mixing

Answer 15

segmentation

Question 16

Mixing of food in the mouth by the tongue
Churning of food in the stomach
Segmentation in the small intestine

Answer 16

mechanical digestion

Question 17

Enzymes break down food molecules into their building blocks

Answer 17

chemical digestion

Question 18

Carbohydrates are broken to ______
Proteins are broken to _______
Fats are broken to ________

Answer 18

simple sugars
amino acids
fatty acids and alcohols

Question 19

End products of digestion are absorbed in the blood or lymph
Food must enter mucosal cells and then into blood or lymph capillaries

Answer 19

absorption

Question 20

End products of digestion are absorbed in the _____ or _____

Answer 20

blood or lymph

Question 21

Food must enter _______ cells and then into blood or lymph capillaries

Answer 21

mucosal cells

Question 22

Elimination of indigestible substances as feces

Answer 22

defecation

Question 23

Mostly controlled by reflexes via the _____ ______

Answer 23

parasympathetic division

Question 24

________ and __________ receptors are located in organ walls that trigger reflexes

Answer 24

Chemical and mechanical

Question 25

Stimuli include

Answer 25

Stretch of the organ
pH of the contents
Presence of breakdown products

Question 26

Reflexes include

Answer 26

Activation or inhibition of glandular secretions
Smooth muscle activity

Question 27

substance used by the body for growth, maintenance, and repair

Answer 27

nutrient

Question 28

Categories of nutrients

Answer 28

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Vitamins
Mineral
Water

Question 29

simple sugars, starches, fiber

Answer 29

Carbohydrates:

Question 30

triglycerides, phospholipids, fatty acids

Answer 30

lipids

Question 31

amino acids

Answer 31

protein

Question 32

Energy intake = total energy output (heat + work + energy storage)

Question 33

_____ _____ is liberated during food oxidation

Answer 33

Energy intake

Question 34

Storage energy is in the form of ____/_____

Answer 34

fat or glycogen