The Digestive System Flashcards
What is digestion?
The process of breaking down organic molecules into particles, which can be used by the body
Physical digestion
Process of breaking down food
Chemical digestion
Enzymes break down food through hydrolysis
What is an Endocrine
Secrete things into the blood
What is exocrine?
Secretes things into DUcts
Ingestion
Take in nutrients
Digestion
Breaking down organic
Absorption
Transport of digestive materials to blood and tissues
Egestion
Removal of materials from food that can’t be digested
Tongue
Physical digestion
Moves food while chewing
Creates Bolis
Teeth
Physical digestion
Tear and grind food
Salivary glands
Dissolves food for tasting
Enzymes help digest
Bolus
Bowl of food after digestion in the mouth
Pharnyx
Passageway of food and water
Two branches
Trachea (breath
Epoglottis(stops food from going down trachea
esophagus
Goes to stomach
Carries bolus
What is mucosa?
Stomach lining
Gastric glands secrete…
Gastrin
Mucous
Pepsinogen
Absorption
Alcohol and aspirin absorb in stomach wall to bloodstream
Also some water and salts
Example of acid reflux
Heartburn
What makes up the first part of the small intestine
Duodenum
What does the duodenum do?
Receives secretions from bile duct
Receives secretions from pancreatic duct
What is the second part of the small intestine
Jejunum
What does the jejunum do?
Absorption of sugars, amino acids and fatty acids
What is the third and last part of the small intestine?
Ileum
What does the ileum do?
Further digests the food coming from stomach and small intestine.
Absorbs vitamin B12 and bile acids
What are the finger like projections called on the intestinal lining
Villi
What are the types of digestion in the duodenum
Pancreatic amylase, maltase, sucrase, lactase
What is the remaining peptides from the stomach broken down by in the small intestine?
Proteases such as trypsin and chymotrypsin
What are the smaller peptides called?
Amino acids and peptidoses
How is the digestion of fats handled in the duodenum
Fat droplets are emulsified.
Emulsified by bile salts from liver
Emulsification is physical process
How much absorption occurs in the small intestine
90 percent
What does villi contain?
Capillaries and lacteals
What types of absorption?
Diffusion, active transport
What does the digestion of starch start with?
In mouth with salivary amylase
What does gastrin do
Regulates the entry of food in the stomach
Secretes, HCL and pepsinogen
