All - Nutrients and Enzymes Flashcards
Define nutrient
Any substance that has a useful function when taken into your body
3 kinds of NUTRIENTS used by your body.
Macro nutrients
micro nutrients
special nutrient
What are four macronutrients (CLPN)
Carbohydrates,
Lipids,
proteins,
nucleic acids
What are two micro nutrients?
Vitamins and minerals
What is an essential nutrient?
Nutrient taken in through diet
What is a necessary nutrient
Nutrients the body can can supply if they’re lacking in the diet
What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
Cn(H2O)n
What are two types of carbohydrates
Simple and complex
What is a monosaccharide?
Single sugars(C6H12O6)
What are the three types of monosaccharides?
Glucose
fructose
galactose
What are disaccharides
Double sugars(C12H22O11)
How are disaccharides formed?
I combine into simple sugars(glucose always being one of them)
What is a polysaccharide?
Complex carbohydrates(Cn(H2O)n)
What are the three types of polysaccharides?
Starch
glycogen
cellulose
What is the function of enzymes?
Control chemical reactions in the body
What is the function of hormones?
Chemical messengers within the body
What is the function of the structure?
Make skin muscle bone hair
Is a lipid soluble or insoluble in water.
Insoluble
What is the function of lipids?
Provide twice as much energy/gram as carbohydrates
What is a triglyceride?
Fats
Oils
What are phospholipids
Composed of a glycerol and two fatty acid chains, as well as one phosphate group
What are sterols
Carbon atoms linked into complex ring structures( cholesterol is a type of sterol)
What do waxes do?
Protective coating, protect eardrum
What are nucleic acids?
DNA and RDA
What is dehydration synthesis?
Links, smaller, subunits together into larger molecule(while removing a water molecule)
What is hydrolysis?
When you split macromolecules into subunits by addition of water(digestion)
2 examples of dissacrhdies
Maltose, sucrose, lactose
Benefit of low carb diet
Weight loss and reduction in processed carbs
Risk of low carb diets
Constipation, nutritional deficiencies, risk of heart disease
What are protiens made of
Long chains of amino acids
How many amino acids are there and how many are essential
20 and 9 are essential must be obtained though diet
What is denaturation
Process of permantly changing a proteins 3d shape which relusts in the protien losinh it’s funtion
Four groups of lipids
Triglycerides phospholipids sterols waxes
Difference between saturated and unsaturated fats
Saturated: solid ar room temp
Unsaturated: liquid at room temp
What are functions of nucleic acids
Direct growth and development through a chemical code and are Invlovled in protien synthesis
Glucose + glucose =
Maltose
Glucose + fructose =
Sucrose
Glucose + galactose =
Lactose
Types of polysaccharides
S( starch) G( glycogen) C(cellulose)
What do enzymes do in terms of chemical reactions?
Catalyze reactions without being used up
How many reactions does one enzyme catalyze?
1
Lock and key enzyme model
Enzyme has specifically shaped site that only fits one substraight
Induced fit model
Active site changes slightly when substrate binds
Enzyme returns to original shape when product released
What factors affect enzyme activity?
PH, temperature, substrate concentration, competitive inhibition, non-competitive inhibition,(PTSCN)
Ideal temperature for enzymes in humans
37°C
How does pH affect enzyme activity?
Changes in pH can change structure of enzyme(denature)
How does competitive inhibition affect enzymes
Molecules with similar shape may bind in the active site(blocks activity site)
