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Bio 20 > All - Nutrients and Enzymes > Flashcards

All - Nutrients and Enzymes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define nutrient

A

Any substance that has a useful function when taken into your body

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2
Q

3 kinds of NUTRIENTS used by your body.

A

Macro nutrients
micro nutrients
special nutrient

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3
Q

What are four macronutrients (CLPN)

A

Carbohydrates,
Lipids,
proteins,
nucleic acids

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4
Q

What are two micro nutrients?

A

Vitamins and minerals

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5
Q

What is an essential nutrient?

A

Nutrient taken in through diet

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6
Q

What is a necessary nutrient

A

Nutrients the body can can supply if they’re lacking in the diet

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7
Q

What is the general formula for carbohydrates?

A

Cn(H2O)n

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8
Q

What are two types of carbohydrates

A

Simple and complex

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9
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

Single sugars(C6H12O6)

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10
Q

What are the three types of monosaccharides?

A

Glucose
fructose
galactose

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11
Q

What are disaccharides

A

Double sugars(C12H22O11)

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12
Q

How are disaccharides formed?

A

I combine into simple sugars(glucose always being one of them)

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13
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

Complex carbohydrates(Cn(H2O)n)

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14
Q

What are the three types of polysaccharides?

A

Starch
glycogen
cellulose

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15
Q

What is the function of enzymes?

A

Control chemical reactions in the body

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16
Q

What is the function of hormones?

A

Chemical messengers within the body

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17
Q

What is the function of the structure?

A

Make skin muscle bone hair

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18
Q

Is a lipid soluble or insoluble in water.

A

Insoluble

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19
Q

What is the function of lipids?

A

Provide twice as much energy/gram as carbohydrates

20
Q

What is a triglyceride?

A

Fats
Oils

21
Q

What are phospholipids

A

Composed of a glycerol and two fatty acid chains, as well as one phosphate group

22
Q

What are sterols

A

Carbon atoms linked into complex ring structures( cholesterol is a type of sterol)

23
Q

What do waxes do?

A

Protective coating, protect eardrum

24
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RDA

25
Q

What is dehydration synthesis?

A

Links, smaller, subunits together into larger molecule(while removing a water molecule)

26
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

When you split macromolecules into subunits by addition of water(digestion)

27
Q

2 examples of dissacrhdies

A

Maltose, sucrose, lactose

28
Q

Benefit of low carb diet

A

Weight loss and reduction in processed carbs

29
Q

Risk of low carb diets

A

Constipation, nutritional deficiencies, risk of heart disease

30
Q

What are protiens made of

A

Long chains of amino acids

31
Q

How many amino acids are there and how many are essential

A

20 and 9 are essential must be obtained though diet

32
Q

What is denaturation

A

Process of permantly changing a proteins 3d shape which relusts in the protien losinh it’s funtion

33
Q

Four groups of lipids

A

Triglycerides phospholipids sterols waxes

34
Q

Difference between saturated and unsaturated fats

A

Saturated: solid ar room temp
Unsaturated: liquid at room temp

35
Q

What are functions of nucleic acids

A

Direct growth and development through a chemical code and are Invlovled in protien synthesis

36
Q

Glucose + glucose =

A

Maltose

37
Q

Glucose + fructose =

A

Sucrose

38
Q

Glucose + galactose =

A

Lactose

39
Q

Types of polysaccharides

A

S( starch) G( glycogen) C(cellulose)

40
Q

What do enzymes do in terms of chemical reactions?

A

Catalyze reactions without being used up

41
Q

How many reactions does one enzyme catalyze?

A

1

42
Q

Lock and key enzyme model

A

Enzyme has specifically shaped site that only fits one substraight

43
Q

Induced fit model

A

Active site changes slightly when substrate binds
Enzyme returns to original shape when product released

44
Q

What factors affect enzyme activity?

A

PH, temperature, substrate concentration, competitive inhibition, non-competitive inhibition,(PTSCN)

45
Q

Ideal temperature for enzymes in humans

A

37°C

46
Q

How does pH affect enzyme activity?

A

Changes in pH can change structure of enzyme(denature)

47
Q

How does competitive inhibition affect enzymes

A

Molecules with similar shape may bind in the active site(blocks activity site)

Bio 20 (6 decks)

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