The Digestive System

Question 1

What are macronutrients?

Answer 1

Nutrients our bodies need, provides energy.

Question 2

List the 3 macronutrients.

Answer 2

Carbohydrates, fats, protein

Question 3

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Major fuel source for the body that breaks down into glucose

Question 4

List examples of carbohydrates.

Answer 4

Grains (bread), plants, milk, potatoes, fruits

Question 5

What are fats (lipids)?

Answer 5

Improves taste of food and are easy to overeat, contributes to feeling full.

Question 6

List examples of fats.

Answer 6

Butter, cream, oil

Question 7

What is protein (amino acids)?

Answer 7

The building block of the body (can be found in bones, muscles, skin), comes from plants and animals.

Question 8

List examples of protein.

Answer 8

Meat, dairy, eggs

Question 9

What is digestion?

Answer 9

Food broken down into smaller components to be absorbed and/or used.

Question 10

What organs are a part of the digestive system?

Answer 10

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon)

Question 11

What are the accessory organs in the digestive system?

Answer 11

Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 12

What is the purpose of the accessory organs?

Answer 12

They help the GI tract break down food with enzymes and hormones.

Question 13

What is nutrigenomics?

Answer 13

The impact food has on your genes.

Question 14

What is nutrigenetics?

Answer 14

The impact your genes have on the food you eat.

Question 15

What is an example of nutrigenetics?

Answer 15

PKU, with this disease, an amino acid builds up and eventually stops working (people with PKU cannot have excess phenylalanine found in Diet Coke.

Question 16

What are glands?

Answer 16

Accessory organs that release hormones.

Question 17

What gland monitors glucose in blood?

Answer 17

Pancreas

Question 18

How does our stomach know we feel hungry?

Answer 18

Our digestive system sends signals to our brain

Question 19

What is gut microbiota and what does it do?

Answer 19

They are microbes living in the colon, they breakdown food that our body cannot.

Question 20

What are prebiotics?

Answer 20

Foods that keep bacteria live and healthy, also feeds gut.

Question 21

List examples of prebiotics.

Answer 21

Fruits and vegetables.

Question 22

What are probiotics?

Answer 22

Foods that contain the good bacteria we need.

Question 23

List examples of probiotics.

Answer 23

Yogurt, kombucha, kefir, supplements.

Question 24

What is mechanical digestion?

Answer 24

Physical fragmentation of food.

Question 25

Where does mechanical digestion begin?

Answer 25

In the mouth (chewing, saliva softening food).

Question 26

What is chemical digestion?

Answer 26

The action of breaking chemical bonds/ on a molecular level.

Question 27

What aids in chemical digestion?

Answer 27

Enzymes and other substances.

Question 28

What is an enzyme?

Answer 28

Protein molecule that catalyzes/speeds up chemical reactions to produce new compounds.

Question 29

What is the suffix for enzymes?

Answer 29

"-ase"

Question 30

What enzyme is used for carbs?

Answer 30

Amylase.

Question 31

What enzyme is used for fats?

Answer 31

Lipase.

Question 32

What enzyme is used for protein?

Answer 32

Protease.

Question 33

What is peristalsis?

Answer 33

When food is squeezed from esophagus to stomach.

Question 34

What is segmentation?

Answer 34

When food is mixed with fluid (sloshing around).

Question 35

What is the entry point for food?

Answer 35

The mouth.

Question 36

What is food leaving the mouth called?

Answer 36

A bolus.

Question 37

What does the epiglottia do in the digestive system?

Answer 37

It keeps food from going into the respiratory tract.

Question 38

What connects the pharynx and stomach?

Answer 38

The esophagus.

Question 39

What acts as a door and allows bolus to pass through the stomach?

Answer 39

The esophageal sphincter.

Question 40

What happens in the stomach during digestion?

Answer 40

The bolus is made into chyme as gastric juices aid in the process.

Question 41

Where is protein broken down at?

Answer 41

The stomach (pepsinogen).

Question 42

What does the small intestine do?

Answer 42

Has villi/microvilli to increase surface area so food can be moved and absorption can occur (segmentation).

Question 43

Accessory organ that stores bile.

Answer 43

Gallbladder.

Question 44

Accessory organ that secreted enzymes and ions for small intestine.

Answer 44

Pancreas.

Question 45

What is the large intestine also known as?

Answer 45

The colon.

Question 46

What does the colon contain?

Answer 46

The colon, rectum, and anus.

Question 47

What is absorbed in the colon?

Answer 47

Fats, water, vitamins.

Question 48

Where does fecal matter go if not absorbed in the colon?

Answer 48

To the rectum to be secreted.