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Nutrition Science > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are macronutrients?

A

Nutrients our bodies need, provides energy.

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2
Q

List the 3 macronutrients.

A

Carbohydrates, fats, protein

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3
Q

What are carbohydrates?

A

Major fuel source for the body that breaks down into glucose

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4
Q

List examples of carbohydrates.

A

Grains (bread), plants, milk, potatoes, fruits

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5
Q

What are fats (lipids)?

A

Improves taste of food and are easy to overeat, contributes to feeling full.

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6
Q

List examples of fats.

A

Butter, cream, oil

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7
Q

What is protein (amino acids)?

A

The building block of the body (can be found in bones, muscles, skin), comes from plants and animals.

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8
Q

List examples of protein.

A

Meat, dairy, eggs

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9
Q

What is digestion?

A

Food broken down into smaller components to be absorbed and/or used.

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10
Q

What organs are a part of the digestive system?

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon)

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11
Q

What are the accessory organs in the digestive system?

A

Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the accessory organs?

A

They help the GI tract break down food with enzymes and hormones.

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13
Q

What is nutrigenomics?

A

The impact food has on your genes.

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14
Q

What is nutrigenetics?

A

The impact your genes have on the food you eat.

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15
Q

What is an example of nutrigenetics?

A

PKU, with this disease, an amino acid builds up and eventually stops working (people with PKU cannot have excess phenylalanine found in Diet Coke.

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16
Q

What are glands?

A

Accessory organs that release hormones.

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17
Q

What gland monitors glucose in blood?

A

Pancreas

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18
Q

How does our stomach know we feel hungry?

A

Our digestive system sends signals to our brain

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19
Q

What is gut microbiota and what does it do?

A

They are microbes living in the colon, they breakdown food that our body cannot.

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20
Q

What are prebiotics?

A

Foods that keep bacteria live and healthy, also feeds gut.

21
Q

List examples of prebiotics.

A

Fruits and vegetables.

22
Q

What are probiotics?

A

Foods that contain the good bacteria we need.

23
Q

List examples of probiotics.

A

Yogurt, kombucha, kefir, supplements.

24
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Physical fragmentation of food.

25
Q

Where does mechanical digestion begin?

A

In the mouth (chewing, saliva softening food).

26
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

The action of breaking chemical bonds/ on a molecular level.

27
Q

What aids in chemical digestion?

A

Enzymes and other substances.

28
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

Protein molecule that catalyzes/speeds up chemical reactions to produce new compounds.

29
Q

What is the suffix for enzymes?

A

“-ase”

30
Q

What enzyme is used for carbs?

A

Amylase.

31
Q

What enzyme is used for fats?

A

Lipase.

32
Q

What enzyme is used for protein?

A

Protease.

33
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

When food is squeezed from esophagus to stomach.

34
Q

What is segmentation?

A

When food is mixed with fluid (sloshing around).

35
Q

What is the entry point for food?

A

The mouth.

36
Q

What is food leaving the mouth called?

A

A bolus.

37
Q

What does the epiglottia do in the digestive system?

A

It keeps food from going into the respiratory tract.

38
Q

What connects the pharynx and stomach?

A

The esophagus.

39
Q

What acts as a door and allows bolus to pass through the stomach?

A

The esophageal sphincter.

40
Q

What happens in the stomach during digestion?

A

The bolus is made into chyme as gastric juices aid in the process.

41
Q

Where is protein broken down at?

A

The stomach (pepsinogen).

42
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

Has villi/microvilli to increase surface area so food can be moved and absorption can occur (segmentation).

43
Q

Accessory organ that stores bile.

A

Gallbladder.

44
Q

Accessory organ that secreted enzymes and ions for small intestine.

A

Pancreas.

45
Q

What is the large intestine also known as?

A

The colon.

46
Q

What does the colon contain?

A

The colon, rectum, and anus.

47
Q

What is absorbed in the colon?

A

Fats, water, vitamins.

48
Q

Where does fecal matter go if not absorbed in the colon?

A

To the rectum to be secreted.

Nutrition Science (5 decks)

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