the development of opposition to the Romanovs Flashcards
1
Q
hesi, october manifesto
Nicholas’s failure to reform (2)
A
- Nicholas’s hesitation to implement proper reforms
- he only implemented reforms that gave the people a bit of power to a certain extent. (October Manifesto)
2
Q
1904, Port Arthur, 1905
Russo - Japanese war features (5)
A
- Early 1904, formally started by Japan but provoked by Russia competing for land like Manchuria.
- First attack was a torpedo attack on Port Arthur.
- April to September, Japanese launched massive invasion, and Russia had devastating defeats.
- Japan was viewed as technologically backward and unthreatening but proved them wrong, Tsushima strait on 27th of May 1905 Japan defeated Russia. Contributed to the Russian uprising of 1905.
- First time a European nation was defeated by an Asian nation.
3
Q
1905, tsar, 9, soldiers
1905 Revolution/Bloody Sunday (7)
A
- Jan 9th, 1905, St Petersburg, group of peasants respectfully gave a petition to the Tsar signed by 135,000 workers.
- Tsar soldiers fired at them, ordered by Tsar, resulting in 1000 deaths.
- 9 months of strike and revolts
- Peasants seized land from upper-class landowners
- October 1905, opposition groups held a general strike, police had no order
- Soldiers could not be trusted or put to trouble spots fast enough
- Nicholas II was overthrown by Russian society.
4
Q
Socialism defenition
A
- Economic or political system where a government controls business and production to share the country’s money equally.
5
Q
Communism/Marxism defenition
A
- A social and political system that is a classless society where each person works and is paid by the government what they need individually.
6
Q
Autocracy definition
A
- Political system controlled by one person with absolute power
7
Q
Steps to Nicholas’s execution (3)
A
- March 15th, 1917, Nicholas abdicates
- Lenin and Trotsky is in support of his assassination
- Yakov Yurovsky carried it out.
8
Q
overview of Nicholas and family execution (4)
A
- Yekaterinburg, Russia, July 16th, 1918, shots were heard from the Romanov’s safehouse
- Wasn’t till the 1989 report which revealed that 11 people, including Nicholas, his family, and his servants were pushed into a small cellar room as they were told “there were fights in the streets, and it was best for their safety”.
- Bodies taken to mine and then into the forest where they were thrown into a pit, covered with acid and then covered over.
- 1995 remains of 9 buried in St Petersburg were found and a couple years later the bodies of Aleix and one of the daughters.
9
Q
Rasputin and his involvement with the Romanov’s, including Assasination
A
- Arrived in St Petersburg in 1904, When Alexis was bleeding, he would panic so Rasputin would talk to him and this would calm Alexis down slowing his blood flow and making him better. He also stopped Alexis from using Panadol which made his blood less thin.
- He gained a lot of influence over the royal family especially when Nicholas went to war, Rasputin was Alexandra’s assistant and made controversial political decisions such as dismissing government officials. It also meant that there were rumours of an affair between the queen nd Rasputin.
- December 30th, 1916, he was assassinated, first he was poisoned but it had no effect on him, when he tried to escape there were 5 bullets (2 to the chest, 1 head, 1 to the back and one to the head), then he was thrown into the lake and drowned. People found him washed up days later on January 1st.
10
Q
Socialism defenition
A
- Economic or political system where a government controls business and production to share the country’s money equally.
11
Q
Democracy definition
A
- A political system, ‘ruled by the people’, where they vote people to represent a countries facilities and society.
12
Q
Anarchism definition
A
- A political system which no government where a society is voluntarily cooperative
13
Q
Capitalism definition
A
- Economic system in which a country’s trade system are controlled by private owners for profit
14
Q
Bolsheviks, supporters, influences and what they wanted (3):
A
- Revolutionary party created by Vladimir Lenin, Influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx
- Wanted a rapid overthrow of the Tsar to create a Socialist state
- Urban class and peasant workers and army at the end of WW1 supporters
15
Q
Mensheviks, supporters, influences and what they wanted (3):
A
- Influenced by Marx, led by Julius Martov
- Wanted to follow a steady socialist path with the middle class to overthrow the Tsar
- Lawyers, urban-class workers and other professionals in favour
16
Q
Kadets or Constitutional Democratic party, supporters and what they wanted (2):
A
- Conservative revolutionary group which wanted a constitutional monarchy
- Landlords, professionals and industrialists
17
Q
Socialist Revolutionary party, supporters and what they wanted (3):
A
- Wanted a Democratic party where Capitalism existed by was restricted by socialist ideas
- Russia to be Socialist and land reforms for peasants
- Supporters were peasants and urban socialists.
18
Q
Octoberists, supporters and what they wanted (3):
A
- Named after the October manifesto
- Wanted a Duma and Tsar with most power
- Landowners, monarchists and factory owners in support
