the demographic transition model (AOS_1)

Question 1

Stage 1

Answer 1

• Stage 1: High stationary
  ○ Examples: remote groups such as Amazon ‘Uncontacted Frontier’
  ○ High birth rate
  ○ High death rate
  ○ Stable or slow natural increase
  ○ Reasons for changes in birth rate: many children needed or farming, high IMR, no family planning
  ○ Reasons for change in death rate: disease, famine, poor medical knowledge, high IMR

Question 2

Stage 2

Answer 2

• Stage 2: Early expanding
  ○ Examples: Niger
  ○ High birth rate
  ○ Falling rapidly death rate
  ○ Very rapid natural increase
  ○ Reasons for changes in birth rate: many children needed or farming, high IMR, no family planning
  ○ Reasons for changes in death rate: improvements in medical care, water supply and sanitation, fewer children die

Question 3

Stage 3

Answer 3

• Stage 3: Late Expanding
  ○ Examples: Brazil
  ○ Falling birth rate
  ○ Slowly falling death rate
  ○ Natural increase slows down
  ○ Reasons for changes in birth rate: improved medical care and diet, fewer children needed
  ○ Reasons for changes in death rate: improvements in medical care, water supply and sanitation, fewer children die

Question 4

Stage 4

Answer 4

• Stage 4: Low stationary
  ○ Examples: USA, Australia, UK
  ○ Low birth rate
  ○ Low death rate
  ○ Stable or slow natural increase
  ○ Reasons for changes in birth rate: family planning, good health, improved status of women, later marriages
  ○ Reasons for changes in death rate: good healthcare, reliable food supply

Question 5

Stage 5

Answer 5

• Stage 5: Declining
  ○ Examples: Japan
  ○ Very low birth rate
  ○ Low death rate
  ○ Slow natural decrease
  ○ Reasons for changes in birth rate: family planning, good health, improved status of women, later marriages
  ○ Reasons for changes in death rate: good healthcare, reliable food supply