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Mao’s China > The Cultural Revolution > Flashcards

The Cultural Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

What date did Mao launch the cultural revolution ?

A

16th May 1966

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2
Q

Where were the mass rallies in Beijing held and what was their significance?

A

Tianamen square
Mao first gathered all the future red guard students and was a marking point in the start of the revolution

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3
Q

What were Maos main quotes for the start of the cultural revolution ?

A

“ bombard headquarters “
“China future belongs to you “
“Sweep away all misters and demons “
“ right to rebel “

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4
Q

When and why were Shaoqi and Xiouping put under house arrest and arrested ?

A

1976
Mai believed that after he stepped into the politics background that they tried to bring capitalist qualities into society “ capitalist roaders “

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5
Q

When did Mao first start to use the red guard to attack CCP officials such as Shaoqi and Xioping ?

A

1967
He used the red guard to publicly humiliate and torture them for being “ capitalist readers “

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6
Q

Why and when was the military forced to shut down the red guard ?

A

1968- the violence and use of terror had severely escalated and needed to be stopped due to lack of control
This led to the “lost generation “ and the “up the Ming auns down the villages “ policy

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7
Q

When did Shaoqi die in prison after being toured for years ?

A

1969

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8
Q

Who and when was named Mao’s successor during the revolution ?

A

Lin Bioa
1969

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9
Q

How did lin Biao die ?

A

Mysteriously died in a plane crash in 1971 only two years after being named maos successor

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10
Q

How many red guards were sent to the countryside after the red years of the cultural revolution ?

A

18 million

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11
Q

When did Mao die ?

A

September 9th 1976
( end of revolution)

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12
Q

Why did Mao encourage the red guard to cause chaos without punishment ?

A

Target bourgeois elements of society
And old culture which resembles Chinese history
Wanted a HUGE reform

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13
Q

Who were the Gang of Four ?

A

A group that targeted politician rival such a shaoqi and xiouping
Mao used them to brutally eliminate anybody who could stand up to him in his political return

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14
Q

Why was shaoqi tagetted by Mao and the Gang of Four ?

A

Criticised Mao at the 7000 cadres congress 1962

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15
Q

When did shaoqi critics Mao leading to his death in 1969 and family being tortured

A

1962 7000 cadres congress

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16
Q

Why did Mao still remain so popular after the famine and millions of deaths in the cultural revolution ?

A

Female equality
Won civil and Korean War
Land decree

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17
Q

Who was known as the driving force of the revolution ?

A

The Gang of Four

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18
Q

When we’re the Gang of Four arrested ?

A

After Maos death in 1976

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19
Q

What was the red guards known as ?

A

“ Maos little generals “

20
Q

How many teachers had been killed by September of 1967 ?

A

1700

21
Q

When did Xiaoping dissolve the commune system after the death of Mao ?

A

1982

22
Q

How does historian frank dikotter view the cultural revolution ?

A

“ Decades of chaos “

23
Q

What does dikotter say about maid use of terror during the revolution ?

A

Mao was “ trying to create chaos to keep everybody on their toes “

24
Q

What does dikotter say about how Mao used the red guard and hang if four ti remain in power ?

A

“ It’s a game Mao was playing “

25
Q

When did Mao swim In the Yangtze River and what did it symbolise ?

A

July 1966
Shoes he was powerful and strong and ready for revolution

26
Q

What does historian frank dikoterr refer to the years of 1966-68 as ?

A

The red years due to the uncontrolled killing and destruction

27
Q

What did Mao mean by “mobilise the masses “ ?

A

Give power to ordinary people and they will help drive the revolution
No longer had support from peasants
So turned to the youth in the cities to drive the revolution

28
Q

What was the January storm of 1967 ?

A

After the red guard proved to be so important during the early stages of the revolution , they tried to form their own government which shows the extent of lack of control and power struggle which characterised the cultural revolution

29
Q

Who was madam Mao or blue apple ?

A

Maos 4th wife who also served as a member of the Gang of Four

30
Q

How many people does in the cultural revolution by Augusts of 1966

A

2 million killed and murdered including teachers and capitalist roaders

31
Q

How did Mao describe blue apple ?

A

“ all the power but no talent “

32
Q

After Maos death and the dismantling of the Gang of Four what happened to madam Mao ?

A

Put on trial and blamed for the whole revolution
Sent to die in prison in 1981 after committing such violent crimes

33
Q

Why and when did Mao launch the anti-Confucious campaign ?

A

1973
Promoted patriarchal society
Believed that you should put up with things and not drive for change ( against revolution)

34
Q

What social aspects did mao use to promote the cultural revolution?

A

Propaganda
Films
Art
Literature

35
Q

Why did Mao have intellectuals and teachers purged ?

A

He viewed them as bourgeois as they had a higher level of education than orher

36
Q

How does dikotter view maos control during the revolution ?

A

“ Never in control but always in charge “

37
Q

What and when we’re the red years ?

A

1966-68
Intense red guard violence and utter chaos in which all opposition were targeted (1st stage of revolution)

38
Q

What and when we’re the black years ?

A

1968-71
2nd stage of the revolution in which revolutionary party committees took over the party and state to try and restore the chaos
Included the red guard being sent to the countryside

39
Q

Who were revolutionary party committees?

A

Took control of education amd workplaces and other aspects of society after the chaos of the red years
‘Enforced Maos visions’

40
Q

What and when we’re the grey years ?

A

1971-76
The point of the rebellion in which people were exhausted with the rebellions, purges and terror the credibility of the CCP had been further ruined
Had come to and end

41
Q

Who were the 6 most important members of the cultural revolution?

A

Shaoqi
Xiaoping
Enlai
Madam Mao
Mao
Lin biao

42
Q

What was the role of shaoqi during the revolution ?

A

Key supporter of Mao’s
Until he criticised his actions during the famine at the 7000 cadres congress
‘Capitalist roader ‘
Was imprisoned and family tortured
Died in 1971

43
Q

What was the role of Xiaoping during the cultural revolution ?

A

Was an initial supporter of Maos
Was purged multiple times due his leadership after maos political retreat by the Gang of Four
Came to power after maos
Death and reestablished control of party

44
Q

What was zhou Enlai’s role during the cultural revolution ?

A

Distanced himself from other targeted officials to ensure Maos security
Wasn’t purged by Mao as he made the ‘four modernisations ‘ campaign and Mai views him as useful
Had good military strategy

45
Q

What was Lin Biao’ stole in the revolution ?

A

Was an initial ally of Mao
Was instrumental in the implementation of Maos policies in the revolution
Mai thought he was too powerful after being named his successor in 1969
Died in plane crash in 1971

46
Q

What is meant by moralising the masses ?

A

Forge people into gardens revolutionaries after shaoqi and xiouping had beauractised the state

Mao’s China (4 decks)

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