Establishment And Consolidation Flashcards
When was the PRC formed ?
1st October 1949
After they defeated the nationalist in the civil war
What did Mao say about maintaining political control
“ all political power grows from the barrel of a gun “
What and when was the land reform ?
1949
Peasants were given the right to claim land from the land owners
Also 1 million land owners were killed
Female peasants after 1950 were entitled to land regardless of a male partner
Have a lot of peasant popularity for Mao
Why was peasant polarity so important for Maos establishment and consolidation ?
They took up the majority of the Chinese population
When and what was the 3 antis ?
1951
Was a mass campaign that aimed to remove opponents of the state and prevent corruption within the party
( nobody had more power than Mao)
When and what was the 5 antis ?
1952
Bourgeois and private businesses were targeted to tackle a fair social system with no tax evasion
Part of mobilising the masses and liquidating the bourgeois and the peasants classes
What was a dangan ?
A profile of each citizen which graded each person based on their allegiance to Mao and the CCP
How did the dangan help with establishment and consolidation ?
Meant Mao could watch out for potential political enemies and could maintain the level of trust within society after he had suspicions of nationalist amongst the CCP
What was a Danwei ?
It was a work permit that could only be accesss if you had a good dangan
And it was illegal to be homeless and jobless so it was essential
How did Mao use the danwei system to help with his establishment and consolidation ?
Meant that he could eliminate nationalist from society
As being homeless was illegal and withought a job you would be poor meaningbyiud be arrested
What was a hukou ?
It was a household registration which was given based on your job and allegiance to Mao and was needed to buy a house
How did Mai use the hukou system to help with establishment and consolidation ?
By making it illegal to be homeless nationalist would be arrested and members of society such as snakeheads or criminals would be off the streets
What and when was the 100 flowers campaign ?
1957
The encouragement of intellectuals to speak out about he regime and why the economy wasn’t improving
( unknown whether this was a genuine attempt to receive feedback or to work out who in the sorry was right wing )
What did Mao launch as a result of the criticism of his regime ?
Anti rightist campaign
The purging of an estimated 700,000 intellectuals after speaking poorly on his regime and making him look bad
What did Mao call the lnterlectuals that had spoken out during the 100 flowers
“Poisonous weeds” amongst
“Fragrant flowers “
What were Maos two main ways of establishment and consolidation of control ?
Terror &
Popularity
Why did the land reform transform land ownership and rural economy ?
Peasants now worked for themselves rather than collective farms meaning they had better incentive to work
How and when did Mao win the civil war against the nationalists?
1945-49
They nationalist were ….
Outsuppled, outgunned and outnumbers 3:1 for every soldier
Mao was therefore more prepared through his organisation of the PRC
What was the prison system in which a lot of intellectuals weee sent ?
Lao Gais
Who was a military leader leader who served under Mao ?
General Peng
What political principle was the one party state based off of ?
Highly centralised and militarised ( democratic. )
What year were all other political parties banned ?
1950
What was the order in which Mao picked off his opponents ?
- Great terror
- 3&5 Antis
- 100 flowers
- Anti rightest
How does historian cheng regard Mao’s 100 fliers campaign ?
“ devious plan “
“ Set a trap “
“Treachery “
When was the Korean War ?
1950-53
How did the war help Maos control over the CCP ?
By defeating the nationalists ( America )
Communism seemed to be superior and powerful
What did the ‘resist America , aid Korea ‘ campaign do ?
Asked people to donate to support their country which created a sense of national pride and unity within China
How old was the PRC when they won the Korean War ?
1 year old
A new republic was able to defeat 15 other countries including America made Mao look very heroic and brave
How did Mao use the Korean War to eliminate rivals ?
Could accuse them of being nationalist spies and therefore could send them to a Lou gui or be killed
How many PLA soldiers were involved in the Korean War and how many died ?
3 million soldiers
400,000 died
How much money did chinas involvement in the Korean War cost ?
10 billion
How accurate is it to say that the Chinese involvement in the Korean War was largely beneficial for Maos establishment of the CCP ?
Mao gained popularity
Was seen as brave and heroic
Probed he was a worthy ally of Stalin
Defeated America and 15 other counties after the PRC was only 1 year old
What were the negative effects of Maos involvement in the Korean War ?
It was very risky as they had a critically struggling economy after civil war and seemed a stupid idea
The economy was already damaged and was further neglected straight after the civil war ended
Maos son was killed in the fighting
What did Mao claim China had done after winning the Korean War ?
“ we have stood up “
“No longer the lame dog of Asia”was now a country to be feared !
Who was in control of the PLA and who was the minister of defence ?
Marshal Peng
How did the PLA help to rebuild chinas shattered inferstructure
After the civil war ?
Rebuilt….
Roads
Trains
Bridges
Helped reform society
What were the 4 levels of political control ?
Mao
Pla
Politburo
Cppcc
What does the cppcc stand for ?
Chinese,people’s,political,consultive, conference
Who were the cppcc ?
The main body of control who included both communists and non communists who were in control in 1949
What was democratic centralism ?
A new system which gave peasants local representatives to give them the idea they have more freedom in a democratic system
When was the surprise counter revolutionaries campaign ?
1950
What were the results of all the antis ?
Enhanced maos control and effectively prevented anyone from challenging him
Eliminated big business owners
What did Mao call the 3 antis campaign ?
‘Big clean up ‘
What were struggle meetings ?
When oppositions of the state weee public ally humiliated and forced to admitting their guilt
Who were the “tiger beaters ?”
They gathered incriminating evidence against big business owners and torture them prior to struggle meeting
( part of antis movements )
What happened after Mao had all the big business owners imprisoned?
Cadres were in charge of businesses and Mao had more control of economy
How many people were out in the laogai in 1955 as a result of the 100 flowers and antis ?
1.3 million
What and when was the sino soviet pact ?
1950
Established the essential support of Stalin and the ussr in a period of struggle after ww2 and the civil war
What were some details of the sino soviet pact ?
£300 million loan
11,000 ussr experts were sent to China to help advice with Industrial development
What did Mao use the money from the sino soviet pact
Iron production
Steel production
Electric power stations
Factory plant
