The Critical Tradition

Question 1

awareness of social action through texts/ sees social actions through critical texts.

Answer 1

Critical Theorist

Question 2

Promote specific ideologies

Answer 2

Critical Theorist

Question 3

Subvert the interests of groups and classes

Answer 3

Critical Theorist

Question 4

Establish, maintain power

Answer 4

Critical Theorist

Question 5

Understand the _____________, power structures, and dominant ideologies.

Answer 5

overlooked systems

Question 6

To fuse ______ and action.

Answer 6

theory

Question 7

_________ oppressions in social conditions and power arrangements for liberation.

Answer 7

Uncover

Question 8

the space between theory and practice

Answer 8

Praxis

Question 9

a politically-conscious action

Answer 9

Praxis

Question 10

What are the challenges in critical theories?

Answer 10

• The control of language
• The role of mass media
• Blind reliance on scientific methods

Question 11

States that economy is the basis of all social structures

Answer 11

Marxism

Question 12

According to Kar Marx, ______ drives production, which oppresses the working class

Answer 12

Profit

Question 13

According to Friedrich Engels, Social processes can be ___________ (with the possibility of multiple causes)

Answer 13

‘overdetermined’

Question 14

The dominant language within cultures defines and _______________ of marginalized groups

Answer 14

perpetuates the oppression

Question 15

Offers a broad look at the connections and contradictions in society.

Answer 15

The Frankfurt School

Question 16

Criticized for having an elitist view of liberation through intellectualism. (detached)

Answer 16

The Frankfurt School

Question 17

Favored intellect and reason as agents for revolutionary change.

Answer 17

The Frankfurt School

Question 18

Mass media operate as ____________ in elitist societies

Answer 18

structures of oppression

Question 19

What are the challenges of Post-Critical Theories?

Answer 19

• Reliance on the individual as agent of social change
• Break with modernity
• Distrust of the scientific
• Questioning of grand narratives

Question 20

Skepticism, irony, rejection toward the meta-narratives and modernist ideologies.

Answer 20

Post-modernism

Question 21

Rejection of grand narratives of progress

Answer 21

Post-modernism– François Lyotard (1979)

Question 22

Said that there is a separation of signs from referents and that signs are reproduced to an extent that they no longer refer to the actual objects

Answer 22

Post-modernism– Jean Beaudrillard (1981)

Question 23

In the Post-Modernism, the ___________ has vastly affected the production and manipulation of knowledge

Answer 23

information age

Question 24

Interrogation of the binary oppositions that constitute a culture’s structures.

Answer 24

Post-structuralism

Question 25

______________ – the use of language in a text

Answer 25

“Deconstruction” Post-structuralism

Question 26

Language is irreducibly _______, unstable, or impossible

Answer 26

complex Post-structuralism

Question 27

Rejection of grand narratives of progress

Answer 27

Jean-François Lyotard (1979) Post-structuralism

Question 28

Rejects the ___________ of truths, meanings, narratives, as well as particular methods of information forwarding in society

Answer 28

“self-sufficiency”

Question 29

In Post-Structuralism, truth is “local” or __________

Answer 29

localized

Question 30

In Post-Structuralism, ________ is determined through interactions as symbolic beings

Answer 30

reality

Question 31

Culture as ordinary and worth evaluating, those overlooked by academics.

Answer 31

Cultural Studies

Question 32

In Stuart Hall's “Encoding / Decoding” – various members of the audience decode messages and interpret them ____________

Answer 32

differently

Question 33

set of ideologies dominating a culture

Answer 33

Hegemony

Question 34

race, gender, class, age, sexuality, identity, physical ability, immigrants

Answer 34

Marginalized groups

Question 35

Post-colonial Theory states that some cultures remain affected by the imperial process from their _____________ until the present day.

Answer 35

colonization periods

Question 36

``` Edward Said (1978)'s _____________ critiques cultural representations across nations, but mainly how the Western world perceives the Orient. ```

Answer 36

“Orientalism”

Question 37

reinforces stereotypical images of the non-dominant identity

Answer 37

The “Other”

Question 38

geography, identity, historical links

Answer 38

Erasures

Question 39

Post Colonial Theory on communication, forms of oppression continue to perpetuate __________ and the audience.

Answer 39

mass media

Question 40

What wave of feminism? Rallied for equal work or job contract, marriage, parenting, and property rights, also the right to suffrage and representation.

Answer 40

First-wave (late 19th to early 20th c.)

Question 41

What wave of feminism? Mary Wollstonecraft – A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)

Answer 41

First-wave (late 19th to early 20th c.)

Question 42

What wave of feminism? White women

Answer 42

First-wave (late 19th to early 20th c.)

Question 43

What wave of feminism? Looks at various aspects of personal lives as deeply politicized, with sexist power structures, and inherent discrimination.

Answer 43

Second-wave (1960s)

Question 44

What wave of feminism? Simone de Beavoir – The Second Sex (1949)

Answer 44

Second-wave (1960s)

Question 45

What wave of feminism? Hélène Cixous – The Laugh of the Medusa (1976)

Answer 45

Second-wave (1960s)

Question 46

What wave of feminism? Focused on “micro-politics”, challenged what was, or was not, good for women,

Answer 46

Third-wave (early 1990s)

Question 47

What wave of feminism? Created a post-structuralist interpretation of gender and sexuality

Answer 47

Third-wave (early 1990s)

Question 48

What wave of feminism? Race-related subjectivities like Black Feminism through Bell Hooks – Ain’t I a Woman?: Black Women and Feminism (1981)

Answer 48

Third-wave (early 1990s)

Question 49

What wave of feminism? Gender studies – LGBTQIAA+ (Queer Feminism) through Judith Butler's Gender Trouble (1990)

Answer 49

Third-wave (early 1990s)

Question 50

Sex is a __________ condition & gender is ________________

Answer 50

biological; socially constructed

Question 51

Power, __________, and oppression are key questions in society.

Answer 51

privilege

Question 52

Power _____________ are reinforced in society

Answer 52

arrangements

Question 53

A reflective challenge of _______ discourse

Answer 53

unjust