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History Italy Mock > The Creation Of A Fascist Dictatorship 1922-26 > Flashcards

The Creation Of A Fascist Dictatorship 1922-26 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Mussolini like in 1922

A

He was still vulnerable :(

He relied on pariamentary support

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2
Q

What was Muss like by 1925

A

He dominated the Italian political system

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3
Q

What did Muss govt look like initially

A

Only 32 out of 535 Deputies were from PNF

His ‘national government’ only 4 were fascist, 4 liberals and 4 popalari

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4
Q

What happened on the 16th Nov 1922

A

Muss delivered controversial speech to CoD

Indicating that the PNF were prepared to close parliament and demand full powers to allow Muss to govern for a year.

However he promised to uphold constitutional liberties

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5
Q

What was the result of 16th November 1922

A

As a result of political intimidation and comprimise with key rivals…

The Deputies voted to grant Muss emergency powers for 1 year

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6
Q

How did Mussolini controll the Ras and squadristi

A
  • Made concessions to the catholic church
  • Passed measures favourable to industrialists and landowners
  • The radical FARINACCI appointed, gave muss more control over radicals
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7
Q

How did muss control the squardristi

A
  • Created the MSVN in Jan 1923
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8
Q

What was the MSVN

A
  • Consisted of 300,000 blackshirts
  • Muss controled this
  • Helped Muss control over the fascist movement
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9
Q

What was created December 1922

A
  • fascist grand council
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10
Q

What was the purpose of the Fascist Grand Council for Muss

A
  • Could exert control over leading members of PNF

- New policy was created by the Fascist party, not the elected parliament

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11
Q

Who chose the member of the fascist grand council

A

Muss

He chose 22 members

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12
Q

Growth in PNF membership

A
  • Oct 1922 : 300,000

- End of 1923 : 783,000

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13
Q

What happened in Feb 1923

A
  • Nationalists merged with PNF

- Brought more conservative and upper class members

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14
Q

When was Acerbo law passes

A

July 1923

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15
Q

What was the Acerbo law

A

If you gained 25% of votes

You gained 2/3 seats in CoD

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16
Q

Who supported the Acerbo law

A
  • Liberals and Fascsits

- as they thought it would bring political stability

17
Q

How was the acerbo law passed

A
  • armed blackshirts present in chamber for intimidation
18
Q

Who opposed acerbo law

A
  • socialists and communists
19
Q

Who did the fascists join with in the 1924 elections

A

Right wing forces such as salandra

20
Q

Result of 1924 elections

A
  • Facists gained 66% vote

- Fascist MPs increased from 35 to 374

21
Q

Did muss have total power following the 1924 elections

A
  • He had a clear majority BUT…

- His laws still had to be approved by parliament, still opposition groups and King could dismiss him

22
Q

Matteotti Crisis 1924

A
  • Spoke up against fascist violence and the 1924 elections

- 11 days later he was kidnapped and killed

23
Q

What was muss response to the matteotti crisis

A
  • denied any involvement

- king didnt dissmiss muss as he feared socialist influence

24
Q

What did muss use the matteotti crisis to do

A
  • press censorship

- All meetings by opposition groups or larties banned

25
Q

What happened in Dec 1924

A
  • 33 leading fascists approached muss and demanded he establish a dictatorship
26
Q

What did muss do early jan 1925

A
  • announced to parliament he would set up a dictatorship within 48 hours
27
Q

Press censorship

A
  • After late 1925 all journalists had to have their names on register controlled by fascists
  • gave fascists great control over news
28
Q

Ban on political parties

A
  • late 1925 all political opposition groups banned
29
Q

When was the constitution of the liberal state destroyed

A

1925-26

30
Q

Legge Fascistissime

A
  • Dec 1925
  • All opposition parties banned
  • Secret police, OVRA, established
  • Muss became Il Duce
31
Q

What did legge fascistissime do to muss government

A

Transformed it into a legal dictatorship

32
Q

What was granted to muss in Jan 1926

A

The power to rule by decree

In that month alone 20,000 decrees issued

History Italy Mock (3 decks)

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