The Creation Of A Fascist Dictatorship 1922-26 Flashcards
What was Mussolini like in 1922
He was still vulnerable :(
He relied on pariamentary support
What was Muss like by 1925
He dominated the Italian political system
What did Muss govt look like initially
Only 32 out of 535 Deputies were from PNF
His ‘national government’ only 4 were fascist, 4 liberals and 4 popalari
What happened on the 16th Nov 1922
Muss delivered controversial speech to CoD
Indicating that the PNF were prepared to close parliament and demand full powers to allow Muss to govern for a year.
However he promised to uphold constitutional liberties
What was the result of 16th November 1922
As a result of political intimidation and comprimise with key rivals…
The Deputies voted to grant Muss emergency powers for 1 year
How did Mussolini controll the Ras and squadristi
- Made concessions to the catholic church
- Passed measures favourable to industrialists and landowners
- The radical FARINACCI appointed, gave muss more control over radicals
How did muss control the squardristi
- Created the MSVN in Jan 1923
What was the MSVN
- Consisted of 300,000 blackshirts
- Muss controled this
- Helped Muss control over the fascist movement
What was created December 1922
- fascist grand council
What was the purpose of the Fascist Grand Council for Muss
- Could exert control over leading members of PNF
- New policy was created by the Fascist party, not the elected parliament
Who chose the member of the fascist grand council
Muss
He chose 22 members
Growth in PNF membership
- Oct 1922 : 300,000
- End of 1923 : 783,000
What happened in Feb 1923
- Nationalists merged with PNF
- Brought more conservative and upper class members
When was Acerbo law passes
July 1923
What was the Acerbo law
If you gained 25% of votes
You gained 2/3 seats in CoD
Who supported the Acerbo law
- Liberals and Fascsits
- as they thought it would bring political stability
How was the acerbo law passed
- armed blackshirts present in chamber for intimidation
Who opposed acerbo law
- socialists and communists
Who did the fascists join with in the 1924 elections
Right wing forces such as salandra
Result of 1924 elections
- Facists gained 66% vote
- Fascist MPs increased from 35 to 374
Did muss have total power following the 1924 elections
- He had a clear majority BUT…
- His laws still had to be approved by parliament, still opposition groups and King could dismiss him
Matteotti Crisis 1924
- Spoke up against fascist violence and the 1924 elections
- 11 days later he was kidnapped and killed
What was muss response to the matteotti crisis
- denied any involvement
- king didnt dissmiss muss as he feared socialist influence
What did muss use the matteotti crisis to do
- press censorship
- All meetings by opposition groups or larties banned
