The contemporary world

Question 1

refers to time- space compressions (Harvey, 1989).

Answer 1

Globalization

Question 2

refers to the integration of the world-economy (Glipin, 2001).

Answer 2

Globalization

Question 3

is the de-territorialization – or ….the growth of supraterritorial relations
between people (Scholte, 2002)

Answer 3

Globalization

Question 3

is the inexorable integration of markets, transportation systems, and
communication systems to a degree never witnessed before – in a way that is enabling
corporations, countries, and individuals to reach around the world farther, faster,
deeper, and cheaper than ever before, and in a way that is enabling the world to reach
into corporations, countries, and individuals farther, faster, deeper, and cheaper than
ever before (Friedman, 1999).

Answer 3

Globalization

Question 4

refers to the worldwide intensification of interactions and increased
movement of money, people, goods, and ideas within and across national borders
(Guest, 2017).

Answer 4

Globalization

Question 5

the rapid
innovation of communication and transportation technologies has transformed the way we
think about space (distances) and time.

Answer 5

Time space compression

Question 6

reflects the fact that advances in transportation and communication
have enabled companies to move their production facilities and activities around the world
in search of cheaper labor, lower taxes, and fewer environmental regulations— in other
words, to be increasingly flexible about the way they accumulate profits

Answer 6

Flexible Accumulation

Question 7

is the relocation of a business process from one country to
another—typically an operational process, such as manufacturing, or supporting
processes, such as accounting.

Answer 7

Offshoring

Question 7

is an agreement in which one company contracts its own internal
activity to a different company.

Answer 7

Outsourcing

Question 8

Although many people associate globalization with rapid economic
development and progress, globalization has not brought equal benefits to the world’s
people.

Answer 8

Uneven development

Question 8

It involves the contracting out of a business process
and operational, and/or non-core functions to another party.

Answer 8

Outsourcing

Question 9

the accelerated movement of people both within countries and
between countries.

Answer 9

Increasing migration

Question 10

Is based on stages of economic growth and modernization:
a. Traditional society
b. Pre-conditions for take-off
c. Take-off
d. Drive to maturity
e. The age of mass consumption

Answer 10

Modernization Theory (W.W. Rostow)

Question 11

Rostow’s model assumes that periphery countries only need to modernize to
achieve greater economic development and that the role of core countries is to
provide foreign aid and industrial technology to help them.

Answer 11

Modernization Theory (W.W. Rostow)

Question 12

are the industrialized capitalist countries on which periphery countries
and semi-periphery countries depend.

Answer 12

Core countries

Question 13

are those that are less developed than the semi-periphery and core
countries. These countries usually receive a disproportionately small share of global
wealth.

Answer 13

Periphery countries

Question 14

An approach based on the periphery’s dependence to the core.

Answer 14

Dependency theory

Question 15

Frank believed that the core exploits resources in the periphery resulting in the
periphery’s dependence on the core as it imports the core’s finished products. The
periphery is then forced to take on a dependent role in the global economy.

Answer 15

Dependency theory

Question 16

Wallerstein claimed that there is only one world – a complex –
in which nation-states compete for capital and labor. He saw the global economy as
a market system with a fluid and dynamic flow of countries and economies from
periphery to semi-periphery to core.

Answer 16

World Systems Theory (Immanuel Wallerstein)

Question 17

This is an approach which sees globalization as a new epoch in human history.

Answer 17

Hyperglobalist Perspective

Question 18

Today’s new epoch is characterized by the declining relevance and authority of nation-
states, brought about largely through the economic logic of a global market.

Answer 18

Hyperglobalist Perspective

Question 19

This views current international processes as more fragmented and regionalized than
globalized.

Answer 19

Skeptical Perspective

Question 20

Current processes show, at best, a regionalization.

Answer 20

Skeptical Perspective

Question 21

This perspective differs fundamentally from the other two perspectives in that:
o there is no single cause (that is, the market or economic logic) behind
globalization; and that
o the outcome of processes of globalization is not determined.

Answer 21

3. Transformationalist Perspective

Question 22

reject the notions of the development of a global
culture or a global governance structure.

Answer 22

Skeptical Perspective

Question 23

is a process whereby societies come under or adopt Western culture in
areas such as industry, technology, politics, economics, lifestyle, law, norms, mores,
customs, traditions, values, mentality, perceptions, diet, clothing, language, alphabet,
religion, and philosophy.

Answer 23

Westernization

Question 24

refers to the import by non-Americans of products, images,
technologies, practices and behavior that are closely associated with
America/Americans.

Answer 24

Americanization

Question 25

is the simultaneous occurrence of both universalizing and particularizing
tendencies in contemporary social, political, and economic systems.

Answer 25

Glocalization