The Constitution, its Origins and Citzenship (lec 4)

Question 1

t/f: Canada is and always has been a peaceful country

Answer 1

false

Question 2

war defined canada from 17th century-19th century, what took place?

Answer 2

-war between colonial powers (british vs french)

-lead to colonies fighting colonial powers (ex. USA rebellion)

-rebellion from Indigenous peoples

-genocide of Indigenous peoples

Question 3

what happened in upper and lower canada in 1830?

Answer 3

rebellions in both upper and lower canada broke out

Question 4

who led the rebellion in upper canada? lower canada?

Answer 4

Upper canada: William Lyon Mackenzie

Lower canada: Louis Joseph Papineau

Question 5

where was upper and lower canada with respect to modern day canada?

Answer 5

Upper canada now ontario

Lower canada now quebec

Question 6

why were they named upper and lower canada?

Answer 6

named in relation to where they were from st lawrence river

Question 7

why did rebellions break out in 1830?

Answer 7

-stem from The Constitutional Act of 1791

-created elected assembly with appointed coucil

-elected members in lower canada were french, appointed council was english

-new laws and spending needed to be approved by both parties

Question 8

what was the goal of both rebellions

Answer 8

wanted a responsible government

Question 9

In 1838 Lord Durham was sent by britan to figure out the conflict in canada, he considered it a struggle between races. What were his suggested reforms?

Answer 9

-conloinies to decide their own affairs

-governers should pick elected assembly

-upper and lower canada should be united so french are better assimilated

Question 10

Upper and lower canada were united by what act?

Answer 10

Act of Union in 1841

Question 11

the Act of Union led to what in 1848?

Answer 11

elections, two reformers elected

Canada west: Robert Baldwin

Canada east: Louis Hippolyte Lafontiane

Question 12

Who won majority election to form government? What changes were brought about?

Answer 12

Lafontaine

-french added as language
-start of representitive demorcracy

Question 13

Why were Indegenous peoples instrumental to the creation of canada?

Answer 13

-fought with britan against french

-helped beat americans

Question 14

what was the reason british government allowed representitive government?

Answer 14

one day wipe out french thru assimilation

Question 15

what was britain’s goal for canada?

Answer 15

liberal white british state

Question 16

what reasons led to confederation?

Answer 16

internal+external factors

-rebellions led to responsible government in nova scotia
-railways
-political deadlock
-immigration

-UK moving away from imperialism, doesnt want anything to do with canada
-threat of USA (invasion)

Question 17

what laws did british repeal? What did these laws mean?

Answer 17

Corn laws

laws that gave preferential treatment to colonists in trade

Question 18

what did the repeal of corn laws result in?

Answer 18

signed reciprocity treaty, to garuntee buyers for products

Question 19

what was a main reason for confederation? think of railways

Answer 19

colonies wanted to wipe their debt

Question 20

what is the concept of political deadlock?

Answer 20

-english + french had equal seats in government

-for laws to be passed, had to be approved by both parties

-neither party wanted to approve the other’s law so deadlock occured

Question 21

what emerged as a result of the political deadlock?

Answer 21

Confederation

Question 22

what is the meaning of confederation?

Answer 22

-permanent union of countries

-political power vested in central authority

Question 23

what was signed by the queen in 1867, what does it do?

Answer 23

The British North America Act

canada becomes dominion of UK, not full independance but gives us control over own matters

Question 24

when was the charter of rights and freedoms added to the constitution?

Answer 24

1982

Question 25

from 1867 to addition of charter in 1982, what was the role of courts

Answer 25

when it came to consitution, sustaining whatever the court wanted

Question 26

esentially, what was the point of constitution in canada?

Answer 26

way of mediating political powers in the state

Question 27

what was the supreme court concerned with at the time?

Answer 27

finding balence b/w federal and provincial powers

Question 28

what rule did courts follow with respect to how they interpret things, what changed it?

Answer 28

parliamentary supremacy; maintain political will of parliament

addition of charter of rights and freedoms in 1982

Question 29

what was the change in how courts interpret things; brought about by the charter of rights and freedoms?

Answer 29

-now looks to limit/contain political will
-courts now weigh in on policies

Question 30

explain what is meant by the charter of rights and freedoms repatriated the constitution

Answer 30

“brought home”

before, any constitutional change was made thru the uk first

after, canada could change it itself

Question 31

what are Canada’s immigration laws originally structured on?
what was it’s original goal?

Answer 31

colonial quarantine legislation during 1840s

originally to limit immigrants from Ireland fleeing potato famine

Question 32

what act was added between 1869 and 1872 that looked to deny entry to those canada wanted out?

Answer 32

immigration act

Question 33

immigration act was the introduction of the first what?

Answer 33

deportation laws