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uk government p2 > the constitution > Flashcards

the constitution Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the nature of the constitution?

A
  • uncodified
  • flexible
  • unitary
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2
Q

what is statute law?

A

acts of parliament

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3
Q

why is statute law the most significant source of the constitution?

A

because of parliamentary sovereignty

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4
Q

what is common law?

A

law created by judges ruling over time

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5
Q

what are examples of common law?

A
  • murder
  • R v R made marital rape illegal
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6
Q

what is the significance of common law?

A

updates constitution with modern societal attitudes and allows for updates when parliament has not legislated

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7
Q

what are conventions?

A

customs/traditions. important to the constitution’s evolutionary nature as they allow it to adapt. includes royal prerogative

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8
Q

what are examples of convention?

A
  • Gove should resign if they lose an election
  • royal assent
  • IMR and CMR
  • salisbury convention
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9
Q

what is the political significance of defying constitutions?

A

government could be punished by electorate

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10
Q

what are conventions open to during elective dictatorships?

A

abuse

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11
Q

what are works of authority?

A

interpreting the constitution

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12
Q

what are examples of authoritative works?

A
  • English constitution - bagehot
  • dicey
  • Erskine may
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13
Q

what is the significance of authoritative works?

A

lack any legal authority and are outdated

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14
Q

what % of people did the constitution unit at UCL felt they had too little influence over how the UK is governed in 2022?

A

77%

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15
Q

what reform did new labour bring to the House of Lords?

A

House of Lords reform act 1999, limited hereditary peers to 92

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16
Q

what reform did new labour bring the human rights?

A
  • the human rights act 1998
  • freedom of information act 2005
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17
Q

what reform to the centralised system of power did new labour bring?

A
  • devolution to scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland
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18
Q

in total how many elected mayors are there across England?

A

16

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19
Q

what electoral reform did new labour bring?

A

proportional representation in elections to devolved bodies

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20
Q

what reform did new labour bring to the judiciary?

A

constitutional reform act 2005

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21
Q

what did the constitutional reform act 2005 do?

A

provided for the creation of the Supreme Court

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22
Q

what reform did the conservative/libdem coalition bring to devolution?

A
  • extension of law making powers to welsh assembly
  • 2014 welsh assembly gained tax raising powers
  • indy ref leading to Scotland act 2016 which gave the devo-max
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23
Q

what reform did the conservative/libdems bring to elections?

A

fixed term parliament act 2015, set dates of elections and made them every 5 years

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24
Q

what reform did the conservative/libdems bring to voter registration?

A

the electoral registration and administration act 2013 - changed the way people registered to vote by implementing individual voter registration

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25
Q

what reform did conservative/libdems bring to MPs?

A

recall of MPs act 2015 - allows constituents to hold a by-election if 10% sign a petition where an MP has committed a criminal act or breached parliamentary standards

26
Q

what reforms did the conservative/libdems bring to procedures in parliament?

A

wright reforms

27
Q

what did the wright reforms do?

A

gave greater power to parliament. chairs of select committees directly elected by the house. established BbBC, epetitions with over 100,000 debated on by BbBc

28
Q

what reform came in 2015-2019?

A
  • EVEL
  • Metro Mayors
29
Q

what was EVEL?

A

English votes for English laws. English and welsh MPs were given the ability to veto legislation that only applied in England and Wales

30
Q

what happened to EVEL in 2021?

A

it was repealed

31
Q

what still remains after EVEL being repealed?

A

the West Lothian question

32
Q

what is the West Lothian question?

A

whether Scottish and northern Irish MPs have the ability to pass or abstain on legislation that doesn’t affect their constituencies

33
Q

how many regions have metro mayors?

A

7

34
Q

what reform has happened from 2019 to now?

A

metro mayors
brexit

35
Q

what reform came to brexit post 2019?

A

UK left the EU January 2020 and EU law no longer takes precedence

36
Q

what reform came to metro Mayers in 2023?

A

spring budget 2023, Manchester and West Midlands mayors have been given spending powers in 2023 allowing them control over the budget in their area as part of the government levelling up agenda

37
Q

did Blair face a defeat in the commons from 1997 to 2005?

A

no

38
Q

what is the average age on the Supreme Court?

A

66

39
Q

how many of the judges on the bench attended Oxford or Cambridge?

A

10

40
Q

what can PMs with large majorities be said to enjoy?

A

elective dictatorship

41
Q

if a PM has an elective dictatorship, what does this allow them to do?

A

fully control the legislative agenda

42
Q

what was the outcome of the Scottish independence referendum?

A

55% no 45% yes

43
Q

what was created between Holyrood and Westminster?

A

‘partnership of equals’

44
Q

what did the Scotland Act 2016 give to Scotland?

A

more powers of taxation and recognises it as a permanent constitutional referendum

45
Q

what % of Scotland voted to remain in the EU?

A

62%

46
Q

what has devolution allowed minority parties to do?

A

perfume better under PR

47
Q

what did the Supreme Court clarify about a second Indyref?

A

that parliament must give its approval for Indyref2

48
Q

what did the SNPs gender recognition bill highlight?

A

policy differences and sovereignty of parliament

49
Q

what is the number of women in Holyrood compared to Westminster?

A

45% to 23%

50
Q

in 2022, how many people said they local government more than Westminster?

A

42%

51
Q

what % voted fora welsh assembly in 1997?

A

50.1%

52
Q

what was the 2011 Welsh referendum on?

A

further primary powers to legislate

53
Q

how many voted yes in 2011 Welsh assembly?

A

64%

54
Q

what did the 2014 Wales Act give?

A

further powers over tax

55
Q

what was the 2023 cost of living policy announced in Wales?

A

removed the need for logos on school uniforms

56
Q

what did the Good Friday agreement bring to Northern Ireland?

A

peace and powershare resolving conflict between unionists and nationalists

57
Q

what happened to Northern Irelands executive from 2002-2007?

A

power share collapsed

58
Q

what happens when the power share agreement collapses?

A

power is reverted back to parliament

59
Q

why did DUP not sign the power share with Sinn Fein in 2022?

A

due to tensions party ver Northern Ireland protocol and Sinn Fein desires to reunify ireland

60
Q

when did the DUP agree to sign the power share agreement?

A

January 2024

uk government p2 (3 decks)

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