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South African history > the consequences of the sharpeville massacre > Flashcards

the consequences of the sharpeville massacre Flashcards

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1
Q

what did the apartheid government do in reaction to the sharpeville massacre?

A

they increased repression

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2
Q

what did the apartheid government declare around the time of the sharpeville massacre?

A

They declared a state of emergency

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3
Q

what did the state of emergency allow the government to do at that time?

A

It empowered the government to be able to put through policies that they would not normally be able to do
gave additional powers to police and armed forces

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4
Q

when did the government pass the Unlawful Organisations act?

A

In the year 1960

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5
Q

what did the Unlawful Organisations do?

A

it banned the ANC and the PAC

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6
Q

what did the Unlawful Organisations act mean for the ANC and the PAC?

A

These parties were not allowed to exist in SA
People were not allowed to be members of the party
Many leaders went into exile or were arrested

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7
Q

what was the General Law Amendment Act?

A

This law allowed police to detain people for 90 days without trial or being allowed to see a lawyer. Often detainees were held solitary confinement

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8
Q

what more did the General Law Amendment Act do to detainees?

A

after an initial period of 90 days many like Robert Sobukwe, many were re-arrested and re-detained for a further 90 days.
This law also introduced the Sobukwe Clause that allowed for indefinite detention

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9
Q

What did the General Law Amendment Act act name illegal

A

to receive training that could further communism

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10
Q

What di the General Law Amendment Act lead to

A

the arrest and detainment of many leaders

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11
Q

What did the increased repression lead to?

A

A change in resistance movements( the ANC and PAC)

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12
Q

Where were resistance movements forced to go?

A

Underground, because they were illegal.

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13
Q

What was the “change” in resistances movements ?

A

The change was from peaceful to violent because many believed that means of peaceful protest was not effective.

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14
Q

What did the ANC and the PAC form in 1961

A

they formed armed wings that were used for acts of sabotage.

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15
Q

what was the name of the wings the ANC formed and what did they do?

A

they formed the UMkhonto
weSizwe (MK) which focused on attacking hard targets

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16
Q

what was the name of the armed wing that the PAC formed and what did they do?

A

they formed the Poqo which attacked soft targets

17
Q

What did the change in resistance lead to?

A

it lead to the arrest of MK leaders and the Rivonia Trial

18
Q

where was the headquarters of the MK?

A

LiliesLeaf

19
Q

in what year was liliesleaf raided by police

A

In the year 1963

20
Q

when Liliesleaf was raided what happened to the MK leaders

A

Mk leaders were arrested and documentation was seized

21
Q

When and were, had Nelson Mandela been arrested

A

He had been arrested in Howick a year before

22
Q

How many years was Nelson Mandela charged and what was he nicknamed at this time?

A

he was charged with five years and was nicknamed the accused number one of the Rivonia Trial

23
Q

what were the accused charged with and under which act

A

Sabotage under the General Amendment Act

24
Q

When were the accused charged?

A

12 June 1964

25
Q

what did the Rivonia Trial result in?

A

eight of the accused eleven were sentenced with life in prison

26
Q

what era did the Rivonia trial lead to

A

The silent 60s

27
Q

after the rivonia trial what happened to resistance movement in the country?

A

Organised resistance slowed within South Africa

28
Q

why did organised resistance slow in the 60s

A

many of the leaders were arrested or sent into exile

29
Q

what did the apartheid government declare South Africa as

A

A police state

30
Q

in what year did the a resurgence of resistance occur

A

In the year 1976

31
Q

in 1976 what resistance movement had been created

A

Black consciousness

32
Q

what event happened in the year 1976

A

the soweto uprising

South African history (4 decks)

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