The Concept of Hazards in Geographical Context

Question 1

What is hazard risk?

Answer 1

The probability or chance that a natural hazard may take place

Question 2

What are geophysical hazards?

Answer 2

A potentially damaging natural event or natural hazard

Question 3

What is an atmospheric hazard?

Answer 3

Include things such as oxygen deficiencies, dusts, chemical vapours, welding fumes, fogs, and mists that can interfere with the bodies ability to transport and utilize oxygen, or that have negative toxicological effects on the human body

Question 4

What are hydrological hazards?

Answer 4

Extreme events associated with water occurrence, movement, and distribution

Question 5

What are the cultural factors affecting hazard perception?

Answer 5

If people have lived in a dangerous place for generations, they have more knowledge and a very different perception of risk

Question 6

How do economic factors affect hazard perception?

Answer 6

In more developed parts of the world, people can be constantly educated in the risks of hazards, which can lead them to believe they’re worse than they really are
In poorer parts of the world, people have very little to loose so are more relaxed

Question 7

What is an earthquake?

Answer 7

The shaking and vibration of the Earth’s crust due to movement of the tectonic plates

Question 8

what is a volcano?

Answer 8

An opening in the Earth’s crust which allows molten rock from beneath the crust to reach the surface

Question 9

What is hazard perception?

Answer 9

The way an individuals understands and reacts to a hazard

Question 10

What is frequency?

Answer 10

How often a certain event occurs

Question 11

What is magnitude?

Answer 11

The size/ scale/ weighting an event has

Question 12

What Fatalism?

Answer 12

Russian roulette? optimistic approach. Hazards are ‘God’s will’ and losses are accepted. Lack of alternatives due to economic reasons. Events seem normal, people lived through them many times

Question 13

what is adaptation? adjustment?

Answer 13

When a town or city starts to change their way of living to fit natural disasters into their everyday lives. Buildings are changed, such as in Christchurch

Question 14

What is prediction?

Answer 14

Knowing when a hazard will occur and can reduce death toll. Included seismic monitoring of volcanoes, measuring gas emissions, observing weather systems etc…

Question 15

What is Mitigation?

Answer 15

Any action taken to reduce or eliminate the threat to property or human life as a result of a natural hazard. Includes the ideas of adaptations and preparation, but also anything done on an individual level.

Question 16

What is risk sharing?

Answer 16

Spreading the risk reduces one individual/group damage making it more acceptable. May also involve sharing financial burden and possible management strategies

Question 17

What is management?

Answer 17

Little can be done, but often depends on wealth. Japan spends billions on its tsunami warning system while the Philippines relies on weather reports and wrapping belongings in cling film when typhoon hits

Question 18

What does the Park Model of hazard response do?

Answer 18

Considers how the standard of living and economic status of an affected area changes following an event

Question 19

What is social stability?

Answer 19

When a place is not affected by things such as civil war, corrupt governments, hazard etc

Question 20

What is resilience?

Answer 20

How able a community is to adapt and recover

Question 21

What is emergency?

Answer 21

The state in which normal procedures are suspended and measures are taken

Question 22

What are the 4 stages on the Park Model?

Answer 22

Pre-disaster
Relief
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction

Question 23

What are the 5 stages in the hazard response cycle?

Answer 23

Hazard Event -> Response -> Recovery -> Prevention/Mitigation -> Preparation -> Hazard event

Question 24

What does relief compromise of in the Park model?

Answer 24

The immediate local and possibly global response in the form of aid, expertise and search and rescue

Question 25

What does rehabilitation compromise of in the Park Model?

Answer 25

A longer phase lasting weeks or oaths, where infrastructure and services are restored, albeit possibly temporarily, to allow he reconstruction phase to begin as soon as possible

Question 26

What does the reconstruction phase compromise of in the Park Model?

Answer 26

Restoring the same or better quality of life as before the event took place, likely including mitigation’s against a similar level of disruption if the event occurs again

Question 27

What does Preparedness compromise of in the hazard response cycle?

Answer 27

Education and public awareness to reduce human causes, adjusting behaviour to minimise the likely impact of the hazard. Knowing what to do in the immediate aftermath.

Question 28

what does response compromise of in the Hazard response cycle?

Answer 28

Dependent not the effectiveness of the emergency plan in place. Immediate response focuses on saving lives and coordinating medical assistance.

Question 29

What does recovery comprise of in the Hazard response cycle?

Answer 29

Restoring the affected area to something approaching normality. In the short term, restoration of services and in the long term, Planning and reconstruction