the collapse of autocracy: Social developments

Question 1

the middle class in russian society

Answer 1

• factory owners, workshop owners, managers, traders and professionals became more prominent in SoC
• many played a major role in the zemstvo.
• however the lack of an elected National Assembly at any rate until 1906 often made them opponents of the region

Question 2

Urban growth and conditions

Answer 2

• the urban population quadrupled from 7 to 28 million between 1867 and 1917
• by 1914 factory workers made up nearly 10% of the population
• around 40% of rented houses in St Petersburg had no running water.

Question 3

Living on working conditions in the countryside

Answer 3

• grain output per acre was last on 1/3 of that of Britain or Germany yet peasants were driven to produce a surplus for exports and pay high taxes
• some regions while more prosperous in commercial farming such as the ukrainan and Baltic provenance
whereas backward farming methods predominated in the Noble dominated area of central Russia

Question 4

The growth of liberal opposition

Answer 4

• liberals were strongly represented and zemstva
• The government’s inability to coordinate famine relief, which left the zemstva to provide, exemplified Tsar incompetence
• even Zubatov the head of the Moscow okhrana favoured liberalisation and was given permission to legalise trade unions in 1900.
Kadets wanted constitutional monarchy

Question 5

radical opposition

Answer 5

• the social revolutionary party, social democratic workers party
• They wanted to challenge autocracy
• the sr carried out 2000 political assassinations from 1901 to 1905 and in 1911 they assassinated stolypin as a result 2000 sr’s or executed.