the collapse of autocracy: Economic devolvement to 1914: industrial and agricultural growth and change

Question 1

how much did the Russian economy grow by between 1992 and 1914

Answer 1

the Russian economy grew at a rate of 8% poor Annum

Question 2

why was interest rates increase?

why was the rouble backed by the value of gold?

Answer 2

interest rates was increased to encourage foreign loans

it was backed by gold in 1987 to increase business confidence

Question 3

how long was russias railway track by 1914

Answer 3

62,000 kilometres making it the second longest in the world.

Question 4

the impact of railway development

Answer 4

it stimulated heavy industries on reduced transport costs for manufactures and provided government revenue

Question 5

industrialsation effects

Answer 5

costs were high as a result Russia deepened on foreign investment

by 1914, russia became the 5th largest industrial power.

Question 6

what was stolypin reforms

Answer 6

• The mir system on collective ownership of land by families was abolished in November 1906
• as promised in 1905 redemption payments were abolished in January 1907 and peasants became free to leave their villages
• Government subsidies to encourage settlement in Siberia were increased.

Question 7

Successes of the agricultural reforms

Answer 7

• peasant ownership of land increased from 20% in 1905 to nearly 50% in 1915
• grain production rose annually and by 1909 Russia was the world’s leading cereal exporter
• around 3.5 million peasants moved from overpopulated areas to Siberia creating a major agricultural region therefore dairy and cereal

Question 8

failures of the agricultural reforms

Answer 8

• by 1914 only 10% of land had been transferred from communal to private ownership
• in 1914 90% of peasants Holdings were still based on scattered strips and farming methods remain backwards
• Siberia proved difficult terrain for those who relocated there