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2024 History Mock Exams > The Cold War - Paper 1 > Flashcards

The Cold War - Paper 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Tehran conference ?

A

Novemeber - december 1943

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2
Q

When was the Yalta conference

A

Febuary 1945

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3
Q

When was the potsdam conference ?

A

July - august 1945

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4
Q

What was agreed in the Tehran conference ?

A
  • Agreed about the spheres of influence ( USSR in east europe , US and Britian in western europe
  • western allies agreed to launch an attack on germany from the west (D-Day)
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5
Q

What was the tension increase in the Tehran conference ?

A
  • disagreed about germanys future
  • stalin wanted reparations from germany but Roosevelt and Churchill wanted to rebuild germany
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6
Q

What was the 4 things agreed at the yalta conference ?

A
  • Russia would help defeat Japan with the US
  • work for ‘democracy’ in europe
  • set up UN
  • USSR sphere of influence in eastern europe
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7
Q

What was the tension increase in the yalta conference ?

A
  • They disagreed about what it was meant by ‘democracy’
  • Roosevelt had a good relationship with stalin - after his death Harry Truman was less willing to compromise
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8
Q

What was agreed at the Postsdam conference ?

A
  • Ban Nazi party and prosecute war criminals
  • reduce the size of germany
  • divide germany and berlin into 4 zones (USSR,Britian,France and US)
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9
Q

What was a tension increase at potsdam conference ?

A
  • reperarions on germany
  • USA had the atomic bomb
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10
Q

What are the 4 features of the ‘iron curtain’ speech ? 5th March 1946

A
  • churchill mentions increase in control from moscow . Implying stalin wants to control europe
  • The use of the term ‘iron curtain’ implies that stalin wants to create division between the capitalist west and the communist east
  • the speech implies that stalin is a threat to much of europe , not just britian
  • he wanted US support to stop communism from spreading further
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11
Q

When was the iron curtain speech ?

A

5th March 1946

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12
Q

What was the key features of the Truman doctrine ?

A
  • America should help other countries resist communist takeover with economic resorces and troops if necessary
  • moved away from isolationism
  • displayed that the grand allience was finnished
  • Truman said that they should contain communism which becomes centeral to american foreign policy in post-war years
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13
Q

What was the Marshall plan ?

A

13 billion USD to help rebuild post-war europe

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14
Q

What did the marshall plan hope to achieve ?

A
  • Help europe recover
  • make communism less attractive
  • Help US economy as countries had to agree to trade with america
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15
Q

What was the impact of the marshall plan ?

A
  • USSR was furious at US attempt to split europe
  • stalin insisted for eastern european countries should refuse it
  • makes the division of europe even bigger
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16
Q

When was cominform introduced ?

A

1947

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17
Q

What was the aims of Cominform ?

A
  • To control communist parties and ensure loyalty of eastern european governments
  • removed ‘disloyal’ government members
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18
Q

What was the effects of cominform ?

A

Consolidated the power of the USSR by stamping out opposition sometimes with violence

19
Q

When was comecon introduced ?

A

1949

20
Q

What was the aims of comecon ?

A

To encourage economic development of eastern europe (stalins answer to the marshall plan )

21
Q

What was the effects of comecon ?

A

Political and economic division of europe was cemented

22
Q

Why had the refugee issue in berlin become such a problem for the USSR by 1957 ?

A

-The berlin crisis
-the flow of refugees was humiliating for the USSR
-many were skilled workers ,important to the economy

23
Q

What were the 4 summit meetings over the berlin crisis ?

A

Geneva 1959
Camp david 1959
Paris 1960
Vienna 1961

24
Q

What was the result of geneva 1959 ?

A

No real agreements but arrangements made for krushcev to visit the US

25
Q

What was the results of camp david 1959 ?

A

No solution but agreed further summit meetings
-khruschev withdraws from ultimatum (6 montsh for them to remove there troops / make it demiliteralized from west berlin )

26
Q

What was the results of paris 1960 ?

A

A disaster. Khrushchev storms out after eisenhower refused to apologise about the u2 spy plane incident

27
Q

What was the result of vienna 1961 ?

A

Neither side backed down , khrushcev tries to exploit kennedys inexperience and repeats 6 month ultimatum

28
Q

When was the berlin wall constructed ?

A

During the night on 12th august 1961 the east german government surrounded berlin with barbed wire closing the border.
On 15th August 1961 the construction began

29
Q

When did the berlin wall fall ?

A

November 1989 and during the time more than 300 people died trying to cross it

30
Q

How was the berlin wall a success for khrushchev ?

A
  • it stopped the refugee problem
  • it allowed krushchev to avoid war whilst appearing strong
31
Q

How was the berlin wall a failure for khrushchev ?

A

Khrushchev had been unable to force the west out of west berlin
- humiliating that the soviets had to build a wall to keep the people of east germany in

32
Q

How was the berlin wall a success for kennedy ?

A
  • It avoided a war
  • khrushchev had admitted he was not able to force the west out of berlin
  • it was a propaganda victory for the west
33
Q

How was the berlin wall a failure for kennedy ?

A
  • west berlin was now encircled by a wall which limited their freedom and america had not done anything to stop this from being bulit
34
Q

What were the 5 consequences of the cuban missile crisis ?

A
  1. Hotline set up - communication between two sides made easier
  2. Limited test ban treaty - all overground nuclear tests banned
  3. Khrushchevs authority affected - eventually replaced in 1964
  4. USSR more determined to catch up in the arms race
  5. Theory of MAD widely accepted ( each power had enough arms to destroy eachother)
35
Q

Brief explanation of the causes of the invasion of czechoslovakia ?

A
  • antonin novotny was unpopular , poor living standards , secret police was feared , no political opposition
  • then replaced by alexandre dubcek - he wanted to make a popular form of communism ‘socialism with a human face ‘ , opposition grew and some aspects of capitalism was allowed.
  • ordered invasion of czechoslovakia
36
Q

What was the Brezhnev doctrine ?

A

USSR will invade any eastern european country if the security of eastern bloc is threatened

37
Q

What were the results of the czech invasion ?

A
  • further evidence of unpopularity of soviet style control
  • showed soviet commitment to protecting eastern bloc
  • condemned by US but no military help
  • condemned by other communist parties showing its lost support
38
Q

What was Helsinki 1975 ?

A

Three baskets - agreed greater co-operation in terms of :
1. European borders - improved security of country boundaries
2. International co-operation e.g economy and trade
3. Human rights - freedom of speech , religion
Stabilised their relationship in europe

39
Q

Give me a timeline of what happened in afghanistan 1979 ?

A

April 1978 - pro-soviet government uder taraki came to power
September 1979 - government overthrown by amin - soviets on his side but suspect hes seeking US support
December 24th 1979 - soviets invade afghanistan claiming they were ‘invited’
December 27th 1979 - Amin assassinated and replaced by karmal

40
Q

Reasons of soviet invasion , december 1979 ?

A
  • extend influence in oil -rich middle east
  • USSR didnt trust amin and feared muslim groups would take over
  • feared that other soviet controlled muslim states would start to become independant
41
Q

3 impacts of the soviet invasion of afghanistan ?

A

Salt 2 : carter withdraws from this agreement
Sanctions : US imposed economic sanctions on ussr trade ban
Impact of détente : detente was completely finnished
Mujahideen : US sends them funds and weapons

42
Q

Why dis communism collapse in 1989 ?

A

Gorbachevs reforms ( glasnost and perestrokia ) led to increase desire for more change

43
Q

When was the fall of the berlin wall ?

A

1989 - represented the fall of communsim

44
Q

What finally signalled the end of the cold war ?

A

Gorbachev resigned and the soviet union collapsed in december 1991

2024 History Mock Exams (4 decks)

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