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American History > The Cold War > Flashcards

The Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

During WWII what describes the relationship between the US and the Soviet Union?

A

Uneasy allies

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2
Q

Who was part of the Yalta conference?

A

Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt

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3
Q

What two things happened at the Yalta Conference?

A
  1. Agreed to divide Germany into 4 zones occupied by the French, British, USA, and the Soviet Union.
  2. Stalin promised to give Eastern European countries free elections after the war.
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4
Q

In June of 1945 the United Nations was established, what was it?

A

International peace keeping organizations that replaced the League of Nations. New York City

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5
Q

What did the USA and Soviet Union have different views on?

A

Post war goals

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6
Q

What was the major goal of the Soviet Union?

A

To shield itself from another invasion from the west and to spread communism.

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7
Q

What did the Soviet Union want to use as a buffer?

A

Eastern Europe—a wall of protection

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8
Q

What was the major goal of the USA?

A

To spread democracy in the world

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9
Q

What two things happened at the Potsdam Conference?

A
  1. Stalin said he was not going to allow free elections in Eastern Europe.
  2. He declared that communism and capitalism could not exist in the same world!
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10
Q

What signified the beginning of the Cold War?

A

When Stalin declared that communism and capitalism couldn’t exist in the same world at the Potsdam conference

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11
Q

Out of the 4 countries who didn’t give back their zone to Germany by 1948?

A

The Soviet Union

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12
Q

What were the 2 German states?

A

Federal Republic of Germany- west Germany

German Democratic Republic- east Germany

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13
Q

Cold War meaning?

A

A struggle over political differences carried on by means short of military action or war. Struggle to see if the political ideas of democracy or communism would rule the world!

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14
Q

Us foreign policy?

A

Containment- blocking and stopping the spread of communism and spreading democracy

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15
Q

Truman Doctrine?

A

Gave US aid and support to any country that resisted and rejected communism— Turkey and Greece

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16
Q

Marshall Plan?

A

Assistance program to rebuild Western Europe after the war, the only requirement was to stay away from communism!

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17
Q

Who was the Marshall Plan named after?

A

Secretary of State George Marshall

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18
Q

Berlin Airlift—what did the SU demand?

A

They demanded Berlin. Because it was in the Soviet sector so they set up a blockade around West Berlin

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19
Q

What was West Berlin known as?

A

The Island of Democracy

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20
Q

What did the US and British so during the Berlin airlift?

A

They airlifted food and supplies in to the people of West Berlin— soviets gave up and lifted the blockade

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21
Q

What was the significance of the Berlin Airlift?

A

The first conflict of the war?

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22
Q

Who were the two rival allies during the Cold War?

A
  1. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)- led by the USA, Canada, and Western Europe
  2. Warsaw Pact- led by the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.

Not every country joined the alliances some like India and China remained neutral

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23
Q

What was the threat during the Cold War?

A

Nuclear War

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24
Q

What was developed?

A

Hydrogen bombs that were thousands of times more powerful than the atomic bombs

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25
Q

Brinkmanship?

A

The willingness to go to the brink or edge of war created huge tension between the two superpowers

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26
Q

Over the next 40 years what was there?

A

A build up of nuclear weapons—an arms race

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27
Q

During the space race the Soviets created the first…

A

ICBM—Intercontinental ballistic missile

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28
Q

During the space race the soviets launched the first…

A

Unmanned satellite in space—Sputnik

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29
Q

During the space race the USA launched the first…

A

Spy planes (U-2s)

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30
Q

U-2 Incident?

A

Shot down over the USSR (Frances Gary Powers)

31
Q

During the space race the USA was the first to..

A

Put a man on the moon

32
Q

In 1959 what happened that concerned the USA?

A

The communists took over Cuba. Fidel Castro was the leader

33
Q

Living condition is East Berlin?

A

Was horrible

34
Q

Why did they build the Berlin Wall?

A

Because hundreds of thousands of East Berliners fled to the west to escape communism. So the Soviet Union build a wall up overnight to keep the people in.

35
Q

What did the Berlin Wall do? And how long was it?

A

It divided East and West Berlin and was 87 miles long

36
Q

What did Winston Churchill call the Berlin Wall?

A

Iron Curtain—separated freedom from tyranny

37
Q

Bay of Pigs Invasion

A

JFK gave approval to an overthrow of the communist government

38
Q

What did the CIA do?

A

They trained Cubans to invade Cuba

39
Q

When it failed (training to invade Cuba) what did the Cubans do?

A

Turned to Soviet Union for protection

40
Q

Who was the leader of the Soviet Union?

A

Nikita Khrushchev

41
Q

Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

Placed several nuclear missiles in Cuba all pointed at the USA

42
Q

US reconnaissance plane shot down? Casualties?

A

Rudolph Anderson—pilot only casualty

43
Q

Us set up what on Cuba?

A

Set up a blockade

44
Q

How long was the blockade?

A

13 days

45
Q

The Cuban Missile Crisis was the brink of…

A

Nuclear war

46
Q

During Imperialism France controlled…

A

All of Indochina, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia

47
Q

What was the French Indo China war?

A

In the 1930’s the communists led by Ho Chi Minh revolted against the French however the revolt was crushed and he had to flee into exile.

48
Q

In 1941 Japan seized and took over

A

Vietnam

49
Q

After the war what did Ho Chi Minh form?

A

The Vietnam Independence league

50
Q

What was the goal of the Vietnam Independence league?

A

To get independence from France

51
Q

During the war what tactics did the Vietminh use?

A

They use guerrilla warfare hit and run tactics

52
Q

Who did the Us support

A

France democracy

53
Q

Who did the Soviet Union support?

A

The communists

54
Q

Who won the Vietnam war?

A

The communists

55
Q

The Usa was greatly concerned under Pres Dwight Eisenhower. Why?

A

Because of the dominó theory they feared the rest of SE Asia would fall like dominoes to the communists

56
Q

What did the usa convince the un to do?

A

To divide Vietnam into 2 parts

57
Q

South Vietnam did what?

A

With the help of the usa set up a democratic government led by Ngo Dinh Diem.

58
Q

Vietcong

A

The communists guerilla led opposition to diem backed by the peasants the looked to take over south Vietnam’s

59
Q

Two major problems the us army faced in the Vietnam war?

A

Fighting a guerilla war in unfamiliar territory

The south Vietnamese government was very unpopular

60
Q

US tactics to win war?

A

Search and Destroy

61
Q

What was the problem with search and destroy?

A

They couldn’t find the enemy because of underground tunnels

62
Q

What did the Us turn to when stymied on the ground?

A

Air power—bombing known as operation thunder

63
Q

What was the result of the operation rolling thunder?

A

It created more peasant opposition

64
Q

What kind of culture sprung up in the us?

A

A youth driven counterculture—hippies

Anti war and antigovernment protests mostly college students

65
Q

Draft dodgers

A

Those who escaped to Canada

66
Q

Nicknames for anti war and pro war

A

Doves vs Hawks

67
Q

What was President Nixon’s new plan?

A

Vietnamization the gradual pull f us troops replaced by south Vietnamese

68
Q

What happened in the Kent state protests

A

4 college students were killed

69
Q

Paris Accords?

A

All us troops pulled out south Vietnam kept independence

70
Q

What happened in 1975

A

North reneged and south Vietnam fell to communists

71
Q

Results of Vietnamwar?

A

58000 troops died
2 million Vietnamese died
Only was in us history that we lost

72
Q

What happened to Cambodia

A

It was taken over by communists

73
Q

Who was Cambodia led by?

A

Khmer Rouge Pol pot

Killed over 1.5 m people

American History (3 decks)

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