The Cold War Flashcards
What date was the Yalta conference?
Feb 1945
Why did Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill meet at Yalta?
To consider what to do with Germany
What did they all agree on at Yalta?
The Soviets would enter the war against Japan when Germany surrendered
To divide Germany into 4 zones (USA,USSR,France and GB)
Join UN to keep peace
Divide Berlin also into zones
What did Stalin want to do to Germany? (YALTA)
He wanted them to pay huge reparations
What did Roosevelt and Churchill agree on at Yalta?
Not sensible to punish Germany too harshly
What couldn’t Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill agree on at Yalta?
How much Germany should pay
Stalin wanted the German border to be more west he also wanted a friendly polish government so his country could have protection
What was the date of the Potsdam Conference?
July 1945
What changes took place at Potsdam that effected relations and the outcome of the conference?
Soviet troops liberated countries in eastern Europe but did not remove their military presence: they occupied Hungary, Bulgaria, Czech, Finland, Estonia etc by July.
Stalin set up a communist gov in Poland, ignoring poles and agreements made at Yalta .
The Red Army was the biggest but Stalin refused to cut down armed forces after the war
1945- Roosevelt died, Truman took place and didn’t trust Stalin
When did America test an atomic bomb?
16th July 1945
What agreements were made at Potsdam?
Germany and Berlin to be split into 4 zones- East is Soviet and West is GB USA and France
Germany to be demilitarised
Full participation in UN
Nazi Party BANNED
Germany to pay reparations in materials and equipment mostly to Soviets as they suffered the biggest loss
What disagreements were made at Potsdam?
20 million Russians were killed so Stalin wanted Germany to pay out money which would permanently cripple them- Truman disagreed
Truman wanted free elections in countries of eastern Europe but Stalin disagreed
Why was Soviet Expansion taking place?
Security
When was the Warsaw Pact set up?
1955
What was the Warsaw Pact?
A military alliance for the Soviet Union, to counter the threat of NATO
Name some consequences of the Warsaw Pact
Increased rivalry between USA and USSR
Led to more powerful weapons such as the H bomb
When was the Truman Doctrine?
1947
What are/were the consequences of the Truman Doctrine?
The Greek Gov were able to defeat the communists
Rivalry increased
The USA became committed to the policy of containment and more involved in European affairs
The USA decided to provide economic funding (Marshall Plan)
Why was the Truman Doctrine set up?
The USA believed that the Soviet Union were trying to spread communism
The USA had the atomic bomb and wanted to use It or threaten to use it
What is NATO?
A military alliance of Western Powers
Consequences of setting up NATO?
USA was committed to the defence of Western Europe
Stalin believed it was aimed at the Soviet Union
Warsaw Pact
When was the Marshall Plan?
June 1947
Who introduced the Marshall Plan?
George Marshall
What aid was given in the Marshall Plan?
Equipment, cash, food etc in return for trade
Consequences of the Marshall Plan?
$17 billion dollars was given by the USA to help reboot economies
Europe firmly divided again
Stain accused USA of being selfish
What was the Arms Race?
A competition between the USA and USSR to build more destructive weapons
Consequences of the Arms Race?
NASA- USA founded nasa
Space Race- Set up for dominance in flight capability
When was the Berlin Crisis?
1948-1949
What was the Berlin Crisis?
Stalin blockaded all routes to west Berlin
What was the Berlin Airlift?
Allies airlifted supplies into West Berlin
By September, how many tonnes off supplies a day were flown into Berlin?
4,600 tonnes
What date did Stalin call off the Berlin Blockade?
12th May 1949 which led to NATO
Give consequences of the Hungarian Uprising
About 200,000 Hungarians fled
International reactions-the UN convened but Hungarians and Soviets refused to participate
When was the Berlin Wall built?
1958
Consequences of the Cuban Missile Crisis
USA-
Improved reputation
Had to remove missiles from Turkey
Excepted Cuba would remain under Castro
USSR-
Kruschev highlighted his role as peacemaker
Kept Cuba as ally and from USA
Forced to remove Cuban Missiles
Who was the leader of Czech after Novotny?
Dubcek
Give 2 consequences of the Prague Spring on relations between the Soviets and Czechoslovakia
Fear Soviets felt about the new ideas( no press censorship, no travel restrictions) The Brezhnev Doctrine-used propaganda to show events in Czech were a serious threat and so this doctrine claimed the Union had the right to invade any country in Eastern Europe causing the threat.
Consequences of Soviet Invasion into Czechoslovakia?
Dubcek forced to resign
Western Europe provided no military help
Soviet Union increasingly lost interest in Western Counties
Albania left Warsaw Pact
What does Détente mean?
A release from tension.
What does SALT 1 stand for?
Strategic Alliances Limitations Talks 1
What does ABM stand for?
Anti-ballistic Missile Treaty
When was SALT I ?
1972
When was SALT II (2)
1974
Importance of SALT I for Cold War development?
Didn’t talk specific numbers
Lack of restrictions- MIRV’S were not restricted and each side allowed to use satellite to check other was not breaking rules
Why did Nixon visit Moscow in 1974?
To discuss removal of arms race
relax tensions
