The Cold War

Question 1

What were the three causes of the Cold War?

Answer 1

1) ideology-
2) distrust
3) conflicting aims

Question 2

Explain ideology

Answer 2

Communism v capitalism
USSR v USA
Dictatorship v democracy
Control v freedom

Question 3

Explain distrust

Answer 3

Us distrust - Nazi soviet pact of 1939/dislike of Stalin/Truman replaced Roosevelt and was more hostile

USSR distrust - western states intervened in the 1918-19 Cold War /Britain and France shunned alliance in 1938

Question 4

Explain conflicting aims

Answer 4

Us aims- support democracy and capitalism/keep Poland she western boundary/help Germany recover

USSR aims -create a buffer of friendly states between Germany and ussr /redraw polands western boundary /keep Germany weak

Question 5

What was cause 4

Answer 5

Disagreement at Yalta an Potsdam

Yalta-Feb 1945

Potsdam-July 1945

Question 6

What was the Truman Doctrine

Answer 6

Showed that the Us would political, economic and military assistance to all democratic nations under the threat of external or internal authoritarian forces

It was a policy of containment

Question 7

What was the Iron Curtain

Answer 7

The name for the boundary dividing Europe into separate areas from the end of WWII in 1945 and the end of the Cold War in 1991

Question 8

Name key events in soviet expansion in Eastern Europe

Answer 8

Yugoslavia-expelled from cominform and was sanctioned

Czechoslovakia- 1948 rigged elections held turning the country communist

Poland- rigged elections and communists came to power

Hungary- non communists won in 1945 so ussr used force to come to power

Romania-monarchy abolished and communists come to power

Bulgaria- rigged elections so the Bulgarians declared war and lost turning communist

East Germany- Berlin split into four zones 15 mill Germans suffered expulsion

Question 9

Consequences of the Truman doctrine

Answer 9

Us spent $400 million supporting anti communist forces-communists defeated in Greece

Soviets set up cominform in 1947

The Marshall plan

Question 10

What was the Marshall plan

Answer 10

Economic aid to European countries to prevent them from turning communist and the OEEC was set up to administer the plan -organisation for European economic recovery

In response soviets set up Comecon

Question 11

Causes of the Berlin blockade

Answer 11

Superpower rivalry had increased from Marshall plan Truman doctrine cominform soviet expansion

Germanys recovery

Allies discussed creation of new state/ Bizonia

Introduction of new currency among allies parts

Question 12

What was the Berlin Blockade

Answer 12

The USSR blocked all roads rail and canals so that the allies could not enter their parts of Berlin

In response on the 25 June the German air lift began and NATO was formed

Question 13

What was NATO

Answer 13

The military alliance of the Western Europe nations with North America

Question 14

Causes of the Hungarian uprising

Answer 14

Hungarians hated soviet domination because of the secret police, heavily censored media, low standards of living

By late 1956 many believed Khrushchev was ready to accept reform

Question 15

Hungarian uprising

Answer 15

Students demonstrated in Budapest on 23 oct 1956 and tanks and troop were sent to restore peace but opened fire and killed 12 and wounded over 100

Question 16

Consequences of the Hungarian uprising

Answer 16

It was crushed
20000 Hungarian casualties
Nagy killed in 1958
200,000 Hungarians fled to Austria

Question 17

Effects of the Berlin Wall

Answer 17

Germany-peace maintained but families split, está German economic crisis started to dissappear, flow of refugees stoped

USSR- hostile to citizens trying to leave, Khrushchev felt he had been beaten by Kennedy

Superpower relations - it took Berlin away from being a Cold War issue, relations improved even though ussr broke the 1949 agreement of running Berlin

Question 18

What was the Cuban missile crisis

Answer 18

The ussr had secret missiles in Cuba so could easily attack the allies

An agreement was made that if Cuba was not invaded they would take missiles away and stop the blockade

The crisis resolved

Question 19

Consequences of the Cuban missile crisis

Answer 19

Cuba remained communist
USA s consultation with other countries worsened
Superpower tension eased
Khrushchev was humiliated and removed in 1964
Kennedy was seen as great

Question 20

Consequences of the

Prague spring

Answer 20

Brezhnev doctrine was formed in 1968
Countries like Albania and Romania left the Warsaw Pact
China criticised the invasion

Question 21

What was detente

Answer 21

The permanent relaxation in internal affairs during the Cold War rather than temporary relaxation

Question 22

What were SALT 1 and SALT 2

Answer 22

Strategic arms limitation talks agreement

Salt 1 froze the number of strategic ballistic missile launchers and allowed submarine launched ballistic missiles after the dismantle of icbms

Salt 2 was a second round of talks to limit strategic launchers

Question 23

Causes of the soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Answer 23

23th April 1978 people’s Democratic Party overthrew the government

Members of the muslims religions establishment and intellectuals all impresiones tortured or killed

Mujahideen started a guerrilla movement as a holy mission for Allah

Mujahideen declared a holy war

Question 24

The soviet invasion

Answer 24

Between 25 Dec 1979,-1 Jan 1980 over 50,000 troops sent to Afghanistan

27 Dec Amin shot

Question 25

Consequences of the soviet invasion of Afghanistan

Answer 25

President carter stated that the us would use force if necessary to defend its national interests

The carter doctrine promised us military to neighbouring Afghan countries

Us stopped shipment to the ussr