The Cold War Flashcards
What were the three causes of the Cold War?
1) ideology-
2) distrust
3) conflicting aims
Explain ideology
Communism v capitalism
USSR v USA
Dictatorship v democracy
Control v freedom
Explain distrust
Us distrust - Nazi soviet pact of 1939/dislike of Stalin/Truman replaced Roosevelt and was more hostile
USSR distrust - western states intervened in the 1918-19 Cold War /Britain and France shunned alliance in 1938
Explain conflicting aims
Us aims- support democracy and capitalism/keep Poland she western boundary/help Germany recover
USSR aims -create a buffer of friendly states between Germany and ussr /redraw polands western boundary /keep Germany weak
What was cause 4
Disagreement at Yalta an Potsdam
Yalta-Feb 1945
Potsdam-July 1945
What was the Truman Doctrine
Showed that the Us would political, economic and military assistance to all democratic nations under the threat of external or internal authoritarian forces
It was a policy of containment
What was the Iron Curtain
The name for the boundary dividing Europe into separate areas from the end of WWII in 1945 and the end of the Cold War in 1991
Name key events in soviet expansion in Eastern Europe
Yugoslavia-expelled from cominform and was sanctioned
Czechoslovakia- 1948 rigged elections held turning the country communist
Poland- rigged elections and communists came to power
Hungary- non communists won in 1945 so ussr used force to come to power
Romania-monarchy abolished and communists come to power
Bulgaria- rigged elections so the Bulgarians declared war and lost turning communist
East Germany- Berlin split into four zones 15 mill Germans suffered expulsion
Consequences of the Truman doctrine
Us spent $400 million supporting anti communist forces-communists defeated in Greece
Soviets set up cominform in 1947
The Marshall plan
What was the Marshall plan
Economic aid to European countries to prevent them from turning communist and the OEEC was set up to administer the plan -organisation for European economic recovery
In response soviets set up Comecon
Causes of the Berlin blockade
Superpower rivalry had increased from Marshall plan Truman doctrine cominform soviet expansion
Germanys recovery
Allies discussed creation of new state/ Bizonia
Introduction of new currency among allies parts
What was the Berlin Blockade
The USSR blocked all roads rail and canals so that the allies could not enter their parts of Berlin
In response on the 25 June the German air lift began and NATO was formed
What was NATO
The military alliance of the Western Europe nations with North America
Causes of the Hungarian uprising
Hungarians hated soviet domination because of the secret police, heavily censored media, low standards of living
By late 1956 many believed Khrushchev was ready to accept reform
Hungarian uprising
Students demonstrated in Budapest on 23 oct 1956 and tanks and troop were sent to restore peace but opened fire and killed 12 and wounded over 100
Consequences of the Hungarian uprising
It was crushed
20000 Hungarian casualties
Nagy killed in 1958
200,000 Hungarians fled to Austria
Effects of the Berlin Wall
Germany-peace maintained but families split, está German economic crisis started to dissappear, flow of refugees stoped
USSR- hostile to citizens trying to leave, Khrushchev felt he had been beaten by Kennedy
Superpower relations - it took Berlin away from being a Cold War issue, relations improved even though ussr broke the 1949 agreement of running Berlin
What was the Cuban missile crisis
The ussr had secret missiles in Cuba so could easily attack the allies
An agreement was made that if Cuba was not invaded they would take missiles away and stop the blockade
The crisis resolved
Consequences of the Cuban missile crisis
Cuba remained communist
USA s consultation with other countries worsened
Superpower tension eased
Khrushchev was humiliated and removed in 1964
Kennedy was seen as great
Consequences of the
Prague spring
Brezhnev doctrine was formed in 1968
Countries like Albania and Romania left the Warsaw Pact
China criticised the invasion
What was detente
The permanent relaxation in internal affairs during the Cold War rather than temporary relaxation
What were SALT 1 and SALT 2
Strategic arms limitation talks agreement
Salt 1 froze the number of strategic ballistic missile launchers and allowed submarine launched ballistic missiles after the dismantle of icbms
Salt 2 was a second round of talks to limit strategic launchers
Causes of the soviet invasion of Afghanistan
23th April 1978 people’s Democratic Party overthrew the government
Members of the muslims religions establishment and intellectuals all impresiones tortured or killed
Mujahideen started a guerrilla movement as a holy mission for Allah
Mujahideen declared a holy war
The soviet invasion
Between 25 Dec 1979,-1 Jan 1980 over 50,000 troops sent to Afghanistan
27 Dec Amin shot
