The cognitive approach to treating depression

Question 1

What does REBT stand for?

Answer 1

Rational emotive behaviour therapy

Question 2

Who developed REBT

Answer 2

Albert Ellis

Question 3

What did Ellis extend his ABC model to?

Answer 3

ABCDEF

Question 4

What does the D stand for in the ABCDEF model?

Answer 4

Disputing irrational thoughts and beliefs

Question 5

What does the E stand for in the ABCDEF model?

Answer 5

Effects of disputing

Question 6

What does the F stand for in the ABCDEF model?

Answer 6

New feelings produced

Question 7

What does REBT focus on?

Answer 7

Challenging the irrational beliefs and replacing them with new and effective rational beliefs

Question 8

What are the 3 types of disputing?

Answer 8

Logical, pragmatic and empirical

Question 9

What is logical disputing?

Answer 9

Self-defeating beliefs do not follow logically from the information available

Question 10

What is empirical disputing?

Answer 10

Self-defeating beliefs may not be consistent with reality

Question 11

What is pragmatic disputing?

Answer 11

Emphasises the lack of usefulness of self-defeating beliefs

Question 12

What are clients often asked to do between CBT sessions?

Answer 12

Homework

Question 13

Give an example of CBT homework?

Answer 13

Asking someone out on a date when they had previously feared rejection

Question 14

Why is CBT homework useful?

Answer 14

It allows irrational beliefs against reality and putting new rational beliefs into practice

Question 15

What is behavioural activation?

Answer 15

Encouraging depressed clients to become more active and engage in previously pleasurable activities

Question 16

What is unconditional positive regard?

Answer 16

When the therapist provides respects and appreciation regardless of what the client says and does

Question 17

Why is unconditional positive regard important?

Answer 17

It convinces the client of their value as a human being

Question 18

What are the 4 AO3 points of the cognitive approach to treating depression?

Answer 18

1) Research support
2) Individual differences
3) Support for behavioural activation
4) Alternative treatments

Question 19

What did Ellis claim the success rate of REBT was?

Answer 19

90%

Question 20

What was the average number of REBT sessions required?

Answer 20

27

Question 21

What did one meta-analysis find about CBT?

Answer 21

It was more effective than no treatment

Question 22

Why did Ellis theorise that his REBT wasn’t 100% effective?

Answer 22

Clients did not always reality test their new beliefs

Question 23

Whose competence can explain variations in the effectiveness of CBT?

Answer 23

The therapists

Question 24

What types of individual may be less suited to CBT? (2)

Answer 24

1) People whose beliefs are rigid and resistant to change
2) Individuals who would prefer to share their worries with a therapist without getting involved with the cognitive effort of disputing and homework

Question 25

In what situation may CBT be less suitable?

Answer 25

Where high levels of stress in the individual reflect realistic stressors in the individual’s life that therapy cannot resolve

Question 26

In the study that supports behavioural activation, how many volunteers were there?

Answer 26

156

Question 27

In the study that supports behavioural activation, what condition did the participants all have?

Answer 27

Major depressive disorder

Question 28

In the study that supports behavioural activation, what were the 3 experimental groups?

Answer 28

A 4 month aerobic exercise programme, a 4 month drug plan or a combination of both

Question 29

In the study that supports behavioural activation, what was found of all the experimental groups?

Answer 29

They all experienced a reduction is depression symptoms

Question 30

In the study that supports behavioural activation, what was found after 6 months?

Answer 30

Those who had completed the exercise plan was less likely to relapse than those who just took drugs

Question 31

Other than cognitive therapies, what are common treatments for depression?

Answer 31

Drug therapies

Question 32

Why may drug therapies be better than CBT for depressed individuals?

Answer 32

They require much less effort

Question 33

Why may CBT be unrealistic for depressed individuals?

Answer 33

They have low energy + motivation levels

Question 34

What is the most effective treatment(s) of depression?

Answer 34

A combination of CBT and drug therapy

Question 35

Why is a combination of CBT and drug therapy the most effective treatment of depression?

Answer 35

The medication allows the patient to focus on the demands of therapy