Definitions of abnormality Flashcards
What are the 4 definitions of abnormality?
Statistical infrequency, deviation from social norms, deviation from ideal mental health and failure to function adequately
What is statistical infrequency?
When abnormality is defined as those behaviours that are extremely rare
Give an example of statistical infrequency?
An extremely high or low IQ
What is deviation from social norms?
When abnormal behaviour is seen as a deviation from unstated rules about how one ‘ought’ to behave
What are social norms?
Standards of acceptable behaviour that are set by a social group, and adhered to by those socialised into that group
Give an example of a social norm.
Not queue jumping
What are the 2 types of social norm?
Implicit and explicit
Give an example of an implicit social norm.
Not laughing at a funeral
Give an example of an explicit social norm.
Punching someone in public
Give one strength of statistical infrequency.
As its objective, it is clear whether a behaviour is abnormal or not. No bias.
Give one weakness of statistical infrequency.
Culturally relative. E.g. hearing voices = normal in some cultures, but a symptom of schizophrenia in others.
Give one strength of deviation from social norms.
Distinguishes between desirable and undesirable behaviours
Give one weakness of deviation from social norms.
Susceptible to abuse - what is ‘socially acceptable’ changes. E.g. homosexuality.
What is failure to function adequately?
When abnormality is defined by an inability to go about daily life.
If an individual is failing to function adequately, what may they not be doing?
Eating regularly, washing, going to their job…
What is required for an abnormality diagnosis when using the failure to function adequately explanation of behaviour?
Distress to the individual or those around them
What is the DSM?
A list of mental disorders that is used to diagnose mental disorders
What does WHODAS stand for?
World Health Organisation Disability Assessment
What are the 6 areas of the WHODAS?
Understanding and communicating, getting around, self-care, getting along with people, life activities and participation in society.
How is the WHODAS used?
Individuals rank the six areas from 1 to 5
What is deviation from ideal mental health?
When abnormality is defined in terms of mental health, behaviours that are associated with competence and happiness.
Which psychologist is associated with deviation from ideal mental health?
Marie Jahoda
What are the 6 categories associated with deviation from ideal mental health?
Self attitudes, personal growth, integration, autonomy, accurate perception of reality and mastery of environment.
Give one strength of failure to function adequately.
The behaviour is observable - problems can be picked up by others
Give one weakness of failure to function adequately.
Abnormality does not always stop the individual from functioning
Give one strength of deviation from ideal mental health.
The six categories allow for clear goals to be set
Give one weakness of deviation from ideal mental health.
Unrealistic criteria + difficult to measure
